э-

Southern Altai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *er-. Compare to Turkish imek.

Verb

э- • (e-) (auxiliary, in the forms of the definite past only)

1. Used after a past participle, forming the pluperfect tense of a verb.
2. Used after a future participle, forming the future in the past tense of a verb.
3. to be (auxiliary)

Conjugation

Declension	Singular	Plural
First	эдим (edim)	эдибис (edibis), эдис (edis)
Second	эдиҥ (ediŋ)	эдигер (ediger)
Third	эди (edi)	эдилер (ediler)

Conjugation of э- (e-)

infinitive			эр (er)
gerund			эп (ep) / эй (ey)
negative verb forms			эбе- (ebe-) / эмес (emes) / эбеген (ebegen) / эбей (ebey)
past			эди (edi) / эген (egen)
present			эп јат (ep ǰat)
future			эйтен (eyten) / эр (er)

References

N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “э-”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN