Wiktionary

ցրեմ

Old Armenian

edit

Etymology

edit

Several difficult Indo-European etymologies have been proposed.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Ačaṙean prefers Petersson's connection with Sanskrit छुरयति (churayati, “to strew or sprinkle with”, causative) as the only cognate, supposedly from a substantive *छुर- (chura-) from Proto-Indo-European *sḱr̥ro-, with Old Armenian ցիր (cʻir, “strewn, scattered, dispersed”) being from Proto-Indo-European *sḱēro-,[11][12][13] however this explanation for the Indic word is not accepted nowadays.[14][15]

Ačaṙean noticed the similarity with the Georgian descendants listed at Proto-Georgian-Zan *car- ~ *cr- (“to sift”), some of which mean "to scatter", and tentatively derived those from Armenian. As it is known now that the Georgian terms are native, the opposite is probably true: ցրեմ (cʻrem) is a Georgian-Zan borrowing from the mentioned root. The synonymous ցրուեմ (cʻruem), which is usually explained as based on the difficult-to-explain derivative ցր-իւ (cʻr-iw), may preserve the -ვ/უ- (-v/u-) of the Georgian-Zan verbal noun, like կռուիմ (kṙuim), and ցրիւ (cʻriw) may have been back-formed from it like կռիւ (kṙiw).

Verb

edit

ցրեմ • (cʻrem)

  1. (transitive) to scatter, disperse
    • 5th century, Agatʻangełos, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of the Armenians] 585:[16][17]
      Իսկ աշտարակն յուզեաց զսրտմտութիւն բարկութեան Արարչին՝ ցրել զնոսա և խառնակել զլեզուս նոցա։
      Isk aštarakn yuzeacʻ zsrtmtutʻiwn barkutʻean Ararčʻin, cʻrel znosa ew xaṙnakel zlezus nocʻa.
      • Translation by Robert W. Thomson
        The tower stirred the wrath of the anger of the Creator to scatter them and confuse their tongues.
  2. (transitive) to disintegrate, break, destroy
    • 5th century, Bible, Genesis 17.14:[18]
      Արուն անթլփատ՝ որ ո՛չ թլփատեսցէ զմարմին անթլփատութեան իւրոյ յաւուր ութերորդի, սատակեսցի՛ անձնն այն յազգէ իւրմէ. զի ցրեա՛ց զուխտ իմ։
      Arun antʻlpʻat, or óčʻ tʻlpʻatescʻē zmarmin antʻlpʻatutʻean iwroy yawur utʻerordi, satakescʻí anjnn ayn yazgē iwrmē. zi cʻreácʻ zuxt im.
      • Translation by King James Bible
        And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.

Conjugation

edit
active
infinitive ցրել (cʻrel) participle ցրեցեալ, ցրեալ (cʻrecʻeal, cʻreal)
causative — aorist stem ցրեց- (cʻrecʻ-)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative
present ցրեմ (cʻrem) ցրես (cʻres) ցրէ (cʻrē) ցրեմք (cʻremkʻ) ցրէք (cʻrēkʻ) ցրեն (cʻren)
imperfect ցրէի, ցրեի* (cʻrēi, cʻrei*) ցրէիր, ցրեիր* (cʻrēir, cʻreir*) ցրէր (cʻrēr) ցրէաք, ցրեաք* (cʻrēakʻ, cʻreakʻ*) ցրէիք, ցրեիք* (cʻrēikʻ, cʻreikʻ*) ցրէին, ցրեին* (cʻrēin, cʻrein*)
aorist ցրեցի (cʻrecʻi) ցրեցեր (cʻrecʻer) ցրեաց (cʻreacʻ) ցրեցաք (cʻrecʻakʻ) ցրեցէք, ցրեցիք (cʻrecʻēkʻ, cʻrecʻikʻ) ցրեցին (cʻrecʻin)
subjunctive
present ցրիցեմ (cʻricʻem) ցրիցես (cʻricʻes) ցրիցէ (cʻricʻē) ցրիցեմք (cʻricʻemkʻ) ցրիցէք (cʻricʻēkʻ) ցրիցեն (cʻricʻen)
aorist ցրեցից (cʻrecʻicʻ) ցրեսցես (cʻrescʻes) ցրեսցէ (cʻrescʻē) ցրեսցուք (cʻrescʻukʻ) ցրեսջիք (cʻresǰikʻ) ցրեսցեն (cʻrescʻen)
imperatives
imperative — ցրեա՛ (cʻreá) — — ցրեցէ՛ք (cʻrecʻḗkʻ) —
cohortative — ցրեսջի՛ր (cʻresǰír) — — ցրեսջի՛ք (cʻresǰíkʻ) —
prohibitive — մի՛ ցրեր (mí cʻrer) — — մի՛ ցրէք (mí cʻrēkʻ) —
  • rare
mediopassive
infinitive ցրել, ցրիլ* (cʻrel, cʻril*) participle ցրեցեալ, ցրեալ (cʻrecʻeal, cʻreal)
causative — aorist stem ցրեց- (cʻrecʻ-)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative
present ցրիմ (cʻrim) ցրիս (cʻris) ցրի (cʻri) ցրիմք (cʻrimkʻ) ցրիք (cʻrikʻ) ցրին (cʻrin)
imperfect ցրէի (cʻrēi) ցրէիր (cʻrēir) ցրէր, ցրիւր (cʻrēr, cʻriwr) ցրէաք (cʻrēakʻ) ցրէիք (cʻrēikʻ) ցրէին (cʻrēin)
aorist ցրեցայ (cʻrecʻay) ցրեցար (cʻrecʻar) ցրեցաւ (cʻrecʻaw) ցրեցաք (cʻrecʻakʻ) ցրեցայք (cʻrecʻaykʻ) ցրեցան (cʻrecʻan)
subjunctive
present ցրիցիմ (cʻricʻim) ցրիցիս (cʻricʻis) ցրիցի (cʻricʻi) ցրիցիմք (cʻricʻimkʻ) ցրիցիք (cʻricʻikʻ) ցրիցին (cʻricʻin)
aorist ցրեցայց (cʻrecʻaycʻ) ցրեսցիս (cʻrescʻis) ցրեսցի (cʻrescʻi) ցրեսցուք (cʻrescʻukʻ) ցրեսջիք (cʻresǰikʻ) ցրեսցին (cʻrescʻin)
imperatives
imperative — ցրեա՛ց (cʻreácʻ) — — ցրեցարո՛ւք (cʻrecʻarúkʻ) —
cohortative — ցրեսջի՛ր (cʻresǰír) — — ցրեսջի՛ք (cʻresǰíkʻ) —
prohibitive — մի՛ ցրիր (mí cʻrir) — — մի՛ ցրիք (mí cʻrikʻ) —
  • post-classical

Derived terms

edit

Descendants

edit
  • Armenian: → ցրել (cʻrel) (learned), > ցրվել (cʻrvel) (inherited)

References

edit
  1. ^ Windischmann, Friedrich (1846) Über die Grundlage des Armenischen im arischen Sprachstamme (in German), München: Königlich-Bayerische Akad. der Wiss., page 46
  2. ^ Patkanov, K. (1864) Исследование о составе армянского языка [A study on the composition of the Armenian language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 17
  3. ^ Dervischjan, P. Seraphin (1877) Armeniaca I: Das Altarmenische (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 43–44
  4. ^ Tērvišean, Serovbē (1885) Hndewropakan naxalezu [The Proto-Indo-European Language] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Nšan K. Pērpērean, page 113
  5. ^ Meillet, Antoine (1898) “Etymologies arméniennes”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 10, page 281 of 274–282
  6. ^ Meillet, Antoine (1897) De indo-europaea radice *men- “mente agitare” (in Latin), Paris: E. Bouillon, page 51
  7. ^ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1899) “Hübschmann H.: Armenische Grammatik. I. Theil. Armenische Etymologie. II. Abteilung. Die syrischen und griechischen Lehnwörter im Altarmenischen und die echtarmenischen Wörter”, in Indogermanische Forschungen. Anzeiger für indogermanische Sprach- und Altertumskunde. Beiblatt zu den Indogermanischen Forschungen (in German), volume 10, page 49 of 41–50
  8. ^ Scheftelowitz, J. (1904) “Zur altarmenischen lautgeschichte”, in Beiträge zur kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 28, page 289
  9. ^ Walde, Alois (1930) Julius Pokorny, editor, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 411
  10. ^ Scheftelowitz, J. (1927) “Idg. zgh in den Einzelsprachen”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎[1] (in German), volume 54, number 3/4, page 225 of 224–253
  11. ^ Petersson, Herbert (1916) “Beiträge zur armenischen Wortkunde”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (in German), volume 47, number 3/4, page 255 of 240–291
  12. ^ Petersson, Herbert (1916) Baltisches und Slavisches (Lunds Universitets Årsskrift N.F. Avd. 1, Bd. 12. Nr. 2) (in German), Lund and Leipzig, page 68
  13. ^ Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9)‎[2] (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 450–451
  14. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[3] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 408
  15. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[4] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 204
  16. ^ Agatʻangełos (1909) G. Tēr-Mkrtčʻean and St. Kanayeancʻ, editors, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of Armenia] (Patmagirkʻ hayocʻ; I.2)‎[5], Tiflis: Mnacʻakan Martiroseancʻ Press, page 297
  17. ^ Thomson, Robert W. (1970) The Teaching of Saint Gregory: An Early Armenian Catechism (Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies; 3)‎[6], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, page 142
  18. ^ Zōhrapean, Yovhannēs, editor (1805), Astuacašunčʻ matean Hin ew Nor Ktakaranacʻ [Bible: Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments], volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 31

Further reading

edit
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ցիր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 456–457
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ցրեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[7] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 597, considers the similarity with the Kartvelian as accidental
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ցրեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ցրեմ&oldid=83450321"