أخ
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Semitic *ʾaḫ-, from the root ء خ و (ʔ-ḵ-w). Cognate with Hebrew אח (akh).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
أَخ • (ʔaḵ) m (construct state أَخُو (ʔaḵū), dual أَخَوَان (ʔaḵawān), plural إِخْوَة (ʔiḵwa) or إِخْوَان (ʔiḵwān), feminine أُخْت (ʔuḵt))
Usage notes edit
- أخ is used literally as well as figuratively. Moreover, أخ includes both full brothers and half brothers. The synonym شَقِيق (šaqīq) refers to full brothers exclusively.
Declension edit
Declension of noun أَخ (ʔaḵ)
Singular | singular long construct | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَخ ʔaḵ |
الْأَخ al-ʔaḵ |
أَخُو ʔaḵū |
Nominative | أَخٌ ʔaḵun |
الْأَخُ al-ʔaḵu |
أَخُو ʔaḵū |
Accusative | أَخًا ʔaḵan |
الْأَخَ al-ʔaḵa |
أَخَا ʔaḵā |
Genitive | أَخٍ ʔaḵin |
الْأَخِ al-ʔaḵi |
أَخِي ʔaḵī |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | أَخَوَيْن ʔaḵawayn |
الْأَخَوَيْن al-ʔaḵawayn |
أَخَوَيْ ʔaḵaway |
Nominative | أَخَوَانِ ʔaḵawāni |
الْأَخَوَانِ al-ʔaḵawāni |
أَخَوَا ʔaḵawā |
Accusative | أَخَوَيْنِ ʔaḵawayni |
الْأَخَوَيْنِ al-ʔaḵawayni |
أَخَوَيْ ʔaḵaway |
Genitive | أَخَوَيْنِ ʔaḵawayni |
الْأَخَوَيْنِ al-ʔaḵawayni |
أَخَوَيْ ʔaḵaway |
Plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | إِخْوَة; إِخْوَان ʔiḵwa; ʔiḵwān |
الْإِخْوَة; الْإِخْوَان al-ʔiḵwa; al-ʔiḵwān |
إِخْوَة; إِخْوَان ʔiḵwat; ʔiḵwān |
Nominative | إِخْوَةٌ; إِخْوَانٌ ʔiḵwatun; ʔiḵwānun |
الْإِخْوَةُ; الْإِخْوَانُ al-ʔiḵwatu; al-ʔiḵwānu |
إِخْوَةُ; إِخْوَانُ ʔiḵwatu; ʔiḵwānu |
Accusative | إِخْوَةً; إِخْوَانًا ʔiḵwatan; ʔiḵwānan |
الْإِخْوَةَ; الْإِخْوَانَ al-ʔiḵwata; al-ʔiḵwāna |
إِخْوَةَ; إِخْوَانَ ʔiḵwata; ʔiḵwāna |
Genitive | إِخْوَةٍ; إِخْوَانٍ ʔiḵwatin; ʔiḵwānin |
الْإِخْوَةِ; الْإِخْوَانِ al-ʔiḵwati; al-ʔiḵwāni |
إِخْوَةِ; إِخْوَانِ ʔiḵwati; ʔiḵwāni |
Synonyms edit
- شَقِيق (šaqīq)
Related terms edit
- مُكْرَهٌ أَخَاكَ لَا بَطَلٌ (mukrahun ʔaḵāka lā baṭalun, proverb)[sic]
- إِخَاء (ʔiḵāʔ, verbal noun of آخَى (ʔāḵā))
- إِخَاوَة (ʔiḵāwa)
- أُخْت (ʔuḵt)
- أَخَوِيّ (ʔaḵawiyy, “brotherly”)
- أُخُوَّة (ʔuḵuwwa, “brotherhood”)
- تَآخٍ (taʔāḵin)
Descendants edit
- Gulf Arabic: أخو (uḵu)
- Maltese: ħu
- Moroccan Arabic: أخ (ʔaḵḵ), (construct state) خو (ḵū), (construct state) خا (ḵā)
- → English: ock, akh, akhi
- → Malayalam: ഇക്ക (ikka)
- → Portuguese: Lafões
See also edit
- (nouns with long construct singular) الْأَسْمَاء السِّتَّة (al-ʔasmāʔ as-sitta); أَب (ʔab), أَخ (ʔaḵ), حَم (ḥam), فَم (fam), ذُو (ḏū), هَن (han) (Category: Arabic nouns with long construct singular)
References edit
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “ءخو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Moroccan Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
أخ • (ʔaḵḵ) m (construct state خو (ḵū) or خا (ḵā), plural خوت (ḵūt) or خاوة (ḵāwa), feminine أخت (ʔuḵt))
North Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
أخ • (ʔaḵḵ) m (construct state أخو (ʔaḵu), plural إخوة (ʔiḵwe) or إخوات (ʔiḵwāt) or إخوان (ʔiḵwān), feminine إخت (ʔiḵt))
Usage notes edit
- The plural إخوة (ʔiḵwe) is used for actual brothers, إخوات (ʔiḵwāt) can refer to siblings gender-neutrally, while إخوان (ʔiḵwān) is used for brothers in a wider sense (friends, fellow believers etc.).
- When a suffix pronoun is added, either أخ (ʔaḵ-) or the construct form is used, e.g. أخي / أخوي (ʔaḵi / ʔaḵūy, “my brother”).
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
أخّ • (ʔaḵḵ) m (construct state أخو (ʔaḵu), plural إخوة (ʔiḵwe) or إخوان (ʔiḵwān), feminine أخت (ʔuḵt))
- Alternative form of أخو (ʔaḵu, “brother”)