ارس

See also: أرش and آرش

Brokskat

Verb

اَرِس (aris)

1. to get, to fetch

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫀𐫡𐫘 (ʾrs /⁠ars⁠/, “tear”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru (“tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔaɾs]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæɹs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɹs]

Readings
Classical reading?	ars
Dari reading?	ars
Iranian reading?	ars
Tajik reading?	ars

Noun

ارس • (ars)

1. (archaic) tear

   Synonym: اشک (ašk)

Etymology 2

From Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbwrs /⁠aburs⁠/), borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā, which has also been inherited as Middle Persian *abuhl, Persian وهل (vohl), ابل (abol), بل (bol), whence via Arabic ابهل (abhol, obhol). Also passed from two Turkic forms as اردج (ardej, “juniper”) and آرچه (ârča). With a suffix to first forms also in برسان (barsãn, bersân, “a kind of dark-coloured odoriferous syrup”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔuɾs], [ʔa.ɾis]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊɹs], [ʔɪ.ɾʊs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔuɹs], [ʔu.ɾus]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔoɹs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔuɹs]

Readings
Classical reading?	urs, aris
Dari reading?	urs, irus
Iranian reading?	ors
Tajik reading?	urs

Noun

ارس • (classical urs, aris, iranian ors)

1. juniper

   Synonym: سرو کوهی (sarv-e kuhi)

Alternative forms

• ورس (vors), برس (burs), آرس (āris), اورس (avirs)

Etymology 3

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Raxsā- (“swift-flowing”), akin to Sanskrit रङ्घते (raṅghate, “to hasten, run”). Compare Old Armenian Երասխ (Erasx), Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs), Old Georgian რახსი (raxsi), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔa.ˈɾas]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.ɹǽs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽs]

Readings
Classical reading?	aras
Dari reading?	aras
Iranian reading?	aras
Tajik reading?	aras

Proper noun

ارس • (aras)

1. Araks, Aras

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔo.ɹós]

Readings
Iranian reading?	oros

Proper noun

ارس • (oros)

1. (Iran, archaic) Rus, Russia

   Synonyms: روس (rus), روسیه (rusiye)

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “ارس”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “ʾbwrs”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 15
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ارس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1855) “ارس”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 79b