اصطخم

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ص خ م (ṣ-ḵ-m) related to scorching by sun, see صَخَمَ (ṣaḵama). Classical Arabic dictionaries define it as "to stand upright", also adding "silent as if angry", and Lane cites them.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /isˤ.tˤa.xa.ma/

Verb

اِصْطَخَمَ • (iṣṭaḵama) VIII (non-past يَصْطَخِمُ (yaṣṭaḵimu), verbal noun اِصْطِخَام (iṣṭiḵām)) (Classical Arabic, obsolete)

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. to be burnt by the sun, to take sunbath

      c. 7th century, Kaʿb bin Zuhair, Qasīdat al-Burdah (Bānat Suʿād), some versions:

      يَوْماً يَظَلُّ بِهِ الحِرْبَاءُ مُصْطَخِماً // كَأَنَّ ضَاحِيَهُ بِالنَارِ مَمْلُول

      yawman yaẓallu bihi l-ḥirbāʔu muṣṭaḵiman // kaʔanna ḍāḥiyahu bi-n-nāri mamlūl

      The day a chameleon gets muṣṭaḵim // as if his sunward side is burnt by fire

   Synonym: (used in other versions of this line) اِصْطَخَدَ (iṣṭaḵada)

   1. to stand upright (and silent, as if angry)

      c. 7th century, Al-ʿUdayl bin Al-Farḵ Al-ʿIjliyy, A-lā man lihammin:

      إِذَا مَا تَوَقَّلَ حِرْبَاؤُهَا // عَلَى الْجِذْلِ ثُمَّ نَمَا وَاصْطَخَمْ

      ʔiḏā mā tawaqqala ḥirbāʔuhā // ʕalā l-jiḏli ṯumma namā wāṣṭaḵam

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      c. 8th century, Ḏū-r-Rummah, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

      ظَلَّتْ تَفَالَى وَظَلَّ الجَوْنُ مُصْطَخِمًا // كَأَنَّهُ عَنْ تَنَاهِي الرَّوْضِ مَحْجُومُ

      ẓallat tafālā waẓalla l-jawnu muṣṭaḵiman // kaʔannahu ʕan tanāhī r-rawḍi maḥjūmu

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   Synonyms: صَلْخَمَ (ṣalḵama), صَلْخَدَ (ṣalḵada)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of اِصْطَخَمَ (VIII, sound, no passive, verbal noun اِصْطِخَام)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						اِصْطِخَام iṣṭiḵām
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُصْطَخِم muṣṭaḵim
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	اِصْطَخَمْتُ iṣṭaḵamtu	اِصْطَخَمْتَ iṣṭaḵamta	اِصْطَخَمَ iṣṭaḵama		اِصْطَخَمْتُمَا iṣṭaḵamtumā	اِصْطَخَمَا iṣṭaḵamā		اِصْطَخَمْنَا iṣṭaḵamnā	اِصْطَخَمْتُمْ iṣṭaḵamtum	اِصْطَخَمُوا iṣṭaḵamū
	f		اِصْطَخَمْتِ iṣṭaḵamti	اِصْطَخَمَتْ iṣṭaḵamat			اِصْطَخَمَتَا iṣṭaḵamatā			اِصْطَخَمْتُنَّ iṣṭaḵamtunna	اِصْطَخَمْنَ iṣṭaḵamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَصْطَخِمُ ʔaṣṭaḵimu	تَصْطَخِمُ taṣṭaḵimu	يَصْطَخِمُ yaṣṭaḵimu		تَصْطَخِمَانِ taṣṭaḵimāni	يَصْطَخِمَانِ yaṣṭaḵimāni		نَصْطَخِمُ naṣṭaḵimu	تَصْطَخِمُونَ taṣṭaḵimūna	يَصْطَخِمُونَ yaṣṭaḵimūna
	f		تَصْطَخِمِينَ taṣṭaḵimīna	تَصْطَخِمُ taṣṭaḵimu			تَصْطَخِمَانِ taṣṭaḵimāni			تَصْطَخِمْنَ taṣṭaḵimna	يَصْطَخِمْنَ yaṣṭaḵimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَصْطَخِمَ ʔaṣṭaḵima	تَصْطَخِمَ taṣṭaḵima	يَصْطَخِمَ yaṣṭaḵima		تَصْطَخِمَا taṣṭaḵimā	يَصْطَخِمَا yaṣṭaḵimā		نَصْطَخِمَ naṣṭaḵima	تَصْطَخِمُوا taṣṭaḵimū	يَصْطَخِمُوا yaṣṭaḵimū
	f		تَصْطَخِمِي taṣṭaḵimī	تَصْطَخِمَ taṣṭaḵima			تَصْطَخِمَا taṣṭaḵimā			تَصْطَخِمْنَ taṣṭaḵimna	يَصْطَخِمْنَ yaṣṭaḵimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَصْطَخِمْ ʔaṣṭaḵim	تَصْطَخِمْ taṣṭaḵim	يَصْطَخِمْ yaṣṭaḵim		تَصْطَخِمَا taṣṭaḵimā	يَصْطَخِمَا yaṣṭaḵimā		نَصْطَخِمْ naṣṭaḵim	تَصْطَخِمُوا taṣṭaḵimū	يَصْطَخِمُوا yaṣṭaḵimū
	f		تَصْطَخِمِي taṣṭaḵimī	تَصْطَخِمْ taṣṭaḵim			تَصْطَخِمَا taṣṭaḵimā			تَصْطَخِمْنَ taṣṭaḵimna	يَصْطَخِمْنَ yaṣṭaḵimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِصْطَخِمْ iṣṭaḵim			اِصْطَخِمَا iṣṭaḵimā				اِصْطَخِمُوا iṣṭaḵimū
	f		اِصْطَخِمِي iṣṭaḵimī							اِصْطَخِمْنَ iṣṭaḵimna