تفنگ
Persian
editAlternative forms
edit- تفک (tofak)
Etymology
editBorrowed most likely from Chagatai or Khorezmian Turkic and borrowed at least semantically also from Ottoman Turkish تفنك (tüfenk), cognate to Karakhanid [script needed] (tüwek) in the Dīwān Luḡāt at-Turk meaning a blowpipe propelling pebbles to kill birds, so called by onomatopoeia mimicking the sound made when it is puffed: Tüf! See Azerbaijani tüfəng for cognates. The terminus ante quem the tüfenk in the meaning of a matchlock-gun has resounded in Persian lands is the end of the Battle of Çaldıran where the Safavids incurred resounding defeat because of the Ottoman use of – then expensive – firearms to devastate the Persians as resolutely as never before because of the new Shia threat.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tu.fanɡ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰo.fæɲɡʲ̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰu.fäŋɡ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tufang |
Dari reading? | tufang |
Iranian reading? | tofang |
Tajik reading? | tufang |
Noun
editDari | تفنگ |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | туфанг |
تفنگ • (tofang) (plural تفنگها (tofang-hâ))
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- → Bakhtiari: تفنگ (tofang)
- → Bashkardi:
- Minabi: تفنگ (tofang)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kermanic:
- → Pashto: تفنگ (tufáng), توپک (topák)
- → Parachi: تفنگ (tofang)
- → Yidgha: [script needed] (tûfuk)
References
edit- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “تفنگ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[1] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 451a
Urdu
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian تفنگ (tufang), perhaps from Khorezmian Turkic, but more likely via Chagatai through the Mughal Empire whose rulers were initially Chagatai-speaking, and established one of the three "gunpowder empires" alongside the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran. The word is itself derived as an onomatopoeia mimicking the sound of blowpipes used to kill birds.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /t̪ʊ.fəŋɡ/
- Rhymes: -əŋɡ
Noun
editتفنگ • (tufaṅg) f (Hindi spelling तुफ़ंग)
Derived terms
edit- تُفَنگ اَفْگَنی (tufáng-afgánī)
- تُفَنگ اَنْداز (tufáng-andāz)
- تُفَنگ اَنْدازی (tufáng-andāzī)
- تُفَنگ توڑَہ دار (tufáng tora dār)
- تُفَنگ چَڑھانا (tufáng čorhāna)
- تُفَنگ ِ چَمْقاقی (tufáng-e-čamqaqī)
- تُفَنگ چھوڑْنا (tufáng čhornā)
- تُفَنگ دَہان (tufáng dahān)
- Persian terms borrowed from Chagatai
- Persian terms derived from Chagatai
- Persian terms borrowed from Khorezmian Turkic
- Persian terms derived from Khorezmian Turkic
- Persian semantic loans from Ottoman Turkish
- Persian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- fa:Firearms
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Khorezmian Turkic
- Urdu terms derived from Chagatai
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/əŋɡ
- Rhymes:Urdu/əŋɡ/2 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu terms with historical senses
- Urdu terms with rare senses