عرقوب

Arabic

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʿarqūb-, which originates from mingling *ʿarq- – Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq, “stem, vein, nerve”) – and *ʿaqib- – Arabic عَقِب (ʕaqib, “heel”). Cognate with Classical Syriac ܥܪܩܘܒܐ (ʿarqubbā) and Hebrew עַרְקוּב (ʿarqūḇ) of the same meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕur.quːb/

Noun

عُرْقُوب • (ʕurqūb) m (plural عَرَاقِيب (ʕarāqīb)) (countable)

1. (anatomy, of humans) a sinew stretching in the leg calf between the heel and the back of the knee, the heel cord, Achilles tendon

   Hypernyms: سَاق (sāq, “lower leg, shank”), وَتَر (watar, “tendon”)

   Coordinate terms: عَقِب (ʕaqib, “heel”), رُكْبَة (rukba, “knee”)

2. (anatomy, of quadrupeds, literary) the middle joint in either of the hind legs, the hock

   Hypernym: رِجْل (rijl, “leg; hind limb”)

   Coordinate term: رُكْبَة (rukba, “the middle joint in either of the forelegs, the knee”)

Declension

Declension of noun عُرْقُوب (ʕurqūb)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُرْقُوب ʕurqūb	الْعُرْقُوب al-ʕurqūb	عُرْقُوب ʕurqūb
Nominative	عُرْقُوبٌ ʕurqūbun	الْعُرْقُوبُ al-ʕurqūbu	عُرْقُوبُ ʕurqūbu
Accusative	عُرْقُوبًا ʕurqūban	الْعُرْقُوبَ al-ʕurqūba	عُرْقُوبَ ʕurqūba
Genitive	عُرْقُوبٍ ʕurqūbin	الْعُرْقُوبِ al-ʕurqūbi	عُرْقُوبِ ʕurqūbi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُرْقُوبَيْن ʕurqūbayn	الْعُرْقُوبَيْن al-ʕurqūbayn	عُرْقُوبَيْ ʕurqūbay
Nominative	عُرْقُوبَانِ ʕurqūbāni	الْعُرْقُوبَانِ al-ʕurqūbāni	عُرْقُوبَا ʕurqūbā
Accusative	عُرْقُوبَيْنِ ʕurqūbayni	الْعُرْقُوبَيْنِ al-ʕurqūbayni	عُرْقُوبَيْ ʕurqūbay
Genitive	عُرْقُوبَيْنِ ʕurqūbayni	الْعُرْقُوبَيْنِ al-ʕurqūbayni	عُرْقُوبَيْ ʕurqūbay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَرَاقِيب ʕarāqīb	الْعَرَاقِيب al-ʕarāqīb	عَرَاقِيب ʕarāqīb
Nominative	عَرَاقِيبُ ʕarāqību	الْعَرَاقِيبُ al-ʕarāqību	عَرَاقِيبُ ʕarāqību
Accusative	عَرَاقِيبَ ʕarāqība	الْعَرَاقِيبَ al-ʕarāqība	عَرَاقِيبَ ʕarāqība
Genitive	عَرَاقِيبَ ʕarāqība	الْعَرَاقِيبِ al-ʕarāqībi	عَرَاقِيبِ ʕarāqībi

Descendants

• Maltese: għarqub (“heel”)
• → Ottoman Turkish: عرقوب (ʿurkub)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عُرْقُوب (ʕurqūb, “Achilles tendon”), itself from Proto-Semitic *ʿarqūb-.

Noun

عرقوب • (ʼurkub)

1. (anatomy) Achilles tendon, the thickest tendon of the human body, that attaches the calf to the calcaneus

   Synonyms: اكریجه (eğrice), اوكچه سڭیری (ökçe siñiri)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “urkub”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4993
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “urkub”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1349
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عرقوب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 844
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عرقوب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 3251
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عرقوب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1295