ـجات
Persian
editEtymology
editAn extended form of ـات (-ât), from Arabic ـَات (-āt). The /dʒ/ goes back to the Middle Persian /ɡ/ that also resurfaces with the plural suffix ـان (-ân), as in پرنده (parande) → پرندگان (parandegân).[1] Before the Arabic suffix, this /ɡ/ was Arabised to /dʒ/ by analogy with Persian loanwords in Arabic; compare بَرْنامَج (barnāmaj) vis-à-vis Persian برنامه (barnâme) etc.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [.d͡ʒɑːt]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [.d͡ʒɒːt̪]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [.d͡ʒɔt̪]
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Classical reading? | |
Dari reading? | |
Iranian reading? | |
Tajik reading? |
Suffix
editـجات • (-jât)
- forms the plural of some nouns; such plurals often have a collective sense, e.g. referring to products or plants
- روزنامه (ruznâme, “newspaper”) + ـجات → روزنامجات (ruznâmejât, “the print media”)
- میوه (mive, “fruit”) + ـجات → میوجات (mivejât, “fruits”)
- سبزی (sabzi, “vegetable”) + ـجات → سبزیجات (sabzijât, “vegetables”)
- صیفی (seyfi, “summery”) + ـجات → صیفیجات (seyfijât, “spring/summer crops”)
- شتوی (šatavi, “wintry”) + ـجات → شتویجات (šatavijât, “autumn/winter crops”)
- مربا (morabbâ, “jam”) + ـجات → مرباجات (morabbâjât, “jams”)
- دوا (davâ, “medicine”) + ـجات → دواجات (davâjât, “pharmaceuticals”)
Usage notes
editSometimes a half-space is used when it follows a terminal ه (h) or ی (i). For example, one may come across روزنامهجات and صیفیجات rather than روزنامجات and صیفیجات.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Gernot Windfuhr, John R. Perry (2009) “Persian and Tajik” (chapter 8), in The Iranian Languages[1] (in English), page 430:
- Related, but irregular and rare, is suffixation of the generalizing plural suffix -j-āt to final vowel: ruz-nāme 'newspaper' > ruz-nāme-j-āt 'the printing media', sabzi 'greens, vegetable' > sabzi-j-āt 'vegetables' in the generic sense. (...) The alternation -i ~ -i-j-āt originates in Middle Persian suffix -īg, which was loaned early into Arabic, with Pers. j > g, and, with the abstract feminine plural marker -āt, was later re-loaned into Persian, where it is moderately productive, where g thus still underlies the stem form.