ان
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Conjunction edit
ان (ən)
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
ـَان • (-ān)
- Suffix used in forming intensive adjectives of the pattern فَعْلَان (faʕlān), e.g. تَعْبَان (taʕbān, “tired”), عَطْشَان (ʕaṭšān, “thirsty”), غَضْبَان (ḡaḍbān, “angry”), زَعْلَان (zaʕlān, “annoyed”), كَسْلَان (kaslān, “lazy”), نَعْسَان (naʕsān, “drowsy”). These adjectives generally have a feminine in َـى (-ā), e.g. عَطْشَى (ʕaṭšā), كَسْلَى (kaslā), نَعْسَى (naʕsā).
Interfix edit
َـانـ • (-ān-)
- Interfix used in forming nisba (relative) adjectives, inserted between the base noun and the ending ـِيّ (-iyy), e.g. أَنَانِيّ (ʔanāniyy, “selfish”), based on أَنَا (ʔanā) or عَالَمَانِيّ (ʕālamāniyy, “worldly, secular”), based on عَالَم (ʕālam, “world”).
Derived terms edit
Suffix edit
ـَانِ • (-āni)
- Suffix added to a noun or adjective to form the nominative dual form.
Burushaski edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ان (un)
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ان (in)
References edit
- Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “un”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary) (in Burushaski), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017: “(in Latin script)”.
Kalami edit
Noun edit
ان (an) m
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-gan, which is comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan and Proto-Tungusic *-kan.
Suffix edit
ان • (-an)
- adjective-forming suffix that, added to the root of a verb, creates non-past participles
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Turkish: -an
Further reading edit
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “-an1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 238
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭 (-ān). Compare Pashto ـونه (-ona), Northern Luri ـۆ(ن) (-ø(n)).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɒːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɔn]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ān |
Dari reading? | ān |
Iranian reading? | ân |
Tajik reading? | on |
Suffix edit
Dari | ـان |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | -он |
ـان • (-ân)
- A suffix forming the plural of nouns, chiefly animate ones.
- Hypernym: ها (-hâ, possible for any noun)
Usage notes edit
- In the formal standard language, -ân is usable with almost all words for persons and many animal names. It is also employed with a limited number of inanimate nouns, e.g. چشمان (češmân, “eyes”), سخنان (soxanân, “words”). In pre-modern or poetic texts it is used more freely. In the contemporary Iranian vernacular, on the other hand, the suffix is rare and only a handful of words are common, e.g. آقایان (âqâyân, “misters”), عزیزان ('azizân, “dear ones, friends”).
- The suffix becomes گان (-gân) after a native word in silent ه (-e), and یان (-yân) after و (-u) or ا (-a).
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- Like etymology 1.
Suffix edit
Dari | ـان |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | -он |
ـان • (-ân)
- A suffix attached to the present stem of verbs to derive adjectives.
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔan]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔän]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | an |
Dari reading? | an |
Iranian reading? | an |
Tajik reading? | an |
Noun edit
ان • (an)
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ان • (en)
- Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter n in English and other European languages.
Derived terms edit
- دیانای (di-en-ey)
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
ـان • (-ān)
- Suffix used in forming intensive adjectives of the pattern فَعْلَان (faʕlān).
Usage notes edit
- Intensive adjectives often act as active participles of stative verbs, usually having the pattern فِعِل (fiʕil), for instance:
See also edit
Torwali edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit अन्ध (andha), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *andʰás.
Adjective edit
ان (an)
Urdu edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Sanskrit अन- (ana-).
Compare Middle Persian ʾn (an-).
Alternative forms edit
- اـ (before consonants)
Prefix edit
انـ • (an-) (Hindi spelling अन-)
Usage notes edit
This form is used before words that begin with vowels.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
اِن • (in) m pl or f pl (Hindi spelling इन)
- (proximal) third-person plural objective personal pronoun: them
- (oblique case) these; plural of اِس (is)
- (formal, proximal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her
- (formal, oblique case) this
Pronoun edit
اُن • (un) m pl or f pl (Hindi spelling उन)
- (distal) third-person plural objective personal pronoun: them
- (oblique case) those; plural of اُس (us)
- (formal, distal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her
- (formal, oblique case) that
Determiner edit
اِن • (in) pl (Hindi spelling इन)
- (oblique case) these; plural of اِس (is)
- (formal, oblique case) this
Determiner edit
اُن • (un) pl (Hindi spelling उन)
- (oblique case) those; plural of اُس (us)
- (formal, oblique case) that
See also edit
Urdu personal pronouns | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | Description | Direct case | Indirect case | Ergative case | Dative/Accusative case | |
1st person | singular | مَیں (ma͠i) | مُجھ (mujh) | مَیں نے (ma͠i ne) | مُجھ کو (mujh ko),
مُجھے (mujhe) | |
formal (rare) | خَاکْسَار (xāksār) | خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne) | خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko) | |||
plural | ہَم (ham) | ہَم نے (ham ne) | ہَم کو (ham ko),
ہَمیں (hamẽ) | |||
2nd person | informal (intimate) | تُو (tū) | تُجھ (tujh) | تُو نے (tū ne) | تُجھ کو (tujh ko),
تُجھے (tujhe) | |
semiformal (familiar) | تُم (tum) | تُم نے (tum ne) | تُم کو (tum ko),
تُمْہیں (tumhẽ) | |||
formal (polite) | آپ (āp) | آپ نے (āp ne) | آپ کو (āp ko) | |||
3rd person | proximal | singular / informal | یہ (ye) | اِس (is) | اِس نے (is ne) | اِس کو (is ko),
اِسے (ise) |
plural / formal | اِن (in) | اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne) | اِن کو (in ko),
اِنْہیں (inhẽ) | |||
distal | singular / informal | وُہ (vo) | اُس (us) | اُس نے (us ne) | اُس کو (us ko),
اُسے (use) | |
plural / formal | اُن (un) | اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne) | اُن کو (un ko),
اُنْہیں (unhẽ) |