مثقال

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ث ق ل (ṯ-q-l)

Tool noun derived from ثَقُلَ (ṯaqula, “to be heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miθ.qaːl/

Noun

مِثْقَال • (miṯqāl) m (plural مَثَاقِيل (maṯāqīl))

1. scale
2. weight
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:40:

     إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِنْ تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَاعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِنْ لَدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

     ʔinna l-laha lā yaẓlimu miṯqāla ḏarratin waʔin taku ḥasanatan yuḍāʕifhā wayuʔti min ladunhu ʔajran ʕaẓīman

     Indeed, Allah does not do injustice, as much as an atom's weight; while if there is a good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.

3. mithqal, a certain weight measure in the Arab world of varying value, usually around 4.5 grams

Declension

Declension of noun مِثْقَال (miṯqāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِثْقَال miṯqāl	الْمِثْقَال al-miṯqāl	مِثْقَال miṯqāl
Nominative	مِثْقَالٌ miṯqālun	الْمِثْقَالُ al-miṯqālu	مِثْقَالُ miṯqālu
Accusative	مِثْقَالًا miṯqālan	الْمِثْقَالَ al-miṯqāla	مِثْقَالَ miṯqāla
Genitive	مِثْقَالٍ miṯqālin	الْمِثْقَالِ al-miṯqāli	مِثْقَالِ miṯqāli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِثْقَالَيْن miṯqālayn	الْمِثْقَالَيْن al-miṯqālayn	مِثْقَالَيْ miṯqālay
Nominative	مِثْقَالَانِ miṯqālāni	الْمِثْقَالَانِ al-miṯqālāni	مِثْقَالَا miṯqālā
Accusative	مِثْقَالَيْنِ miṯqālayni	الْمِثْقَالَيْنِ al-miṯqālayni	مِثْقَالَيْ miṯqālay
Genitive	مِثْقَالَيْنِ miṯqālayni	الْمِثْقَالَيْنِ al-miṯqālayni	مِثْقَالَيْ miṯqālay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَثَاقِيل maṯāqīl	الْمَثَاقِيل al-maṯāqīl	مَثَاقِيل maṯāqīl
Nominative	مَثَاقِيلُ maṯāqīlu	الْمَثَاقِيلُ al-maṯāqīlu	مَثَاقِيلُ maṯāqīlu
Accusative	مَثَاقِيلَ maṯāqīla	الْمَثَاقِيلَ al-maṯāqīla	مَثَاقِيلَ maṯāqīla
Genitive	مَثَاقِيلَ maṯāqīla	الْمَثَاقِيلِ al-maṯāqīli	مَثَاقِيلِ maṯāqīli

Descendants

• → Amharic: ሚትቃል (mitḳal)
• → English: mithqal, metical, metikal, miscal, miskal, mithkal, mithqaal, mitkal, mitqal
• → Middle Armenian: մթխալ (mtʻxal), մթղալ (mtʻġal)
• → Middle Georgian: მიტყალი (miṭq̇ali) (via Arabic), მისხალი (misxali) (via Turkic)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مثقال (miskal)
  • Turkish: miskal
• → Tigre: ምትቃል (mətḳali)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِثْقَال (miṯqāl, “mithqal, a unit of measure in Arabic countries”).

Noun

مثقال • (miskal) (plural مثاقیل (mesakil))

1. mithqal, a unit of weight in the Islamic world, equivalent to 4.25 grams
2. mitqal, a golden coin used in Arabic countries, originally having such a weight

Descendants

• Turkish: miskal

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “miskal”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3239
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “miskal”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 780
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مثقال”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1119
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مثقال”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 4377
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مثقال”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1744