gram

See also: Gram, grâm, grām, gräm, gram., -gram, and 'gram

English

Alternative forms

• gramme (chiefly British)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɹæm/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: graham (GenAm)

Etymology 1

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”). Doublet of gramma.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

Derived terms

• centimeter-gram-second
• gram atom
• gram calorie
• gram degree
• gram equivalent
• grammage
• gram-molecular weight
• gram molecule

 

Translations

unit of mass

• Afrikaans: gram (af)
• Albanian: gram (sq) m
• Arabic: جْرَام m (gram), غْرَام m (ḡrām), غْرَام m (gram)

  Egyptian Arabic: جرام m (grām)

  Hijazi Arabic: قرام m (grām)

• Armenian: գրամ (hy) (gram)
• Asturian: gramu m
• Azerbaijani: qram (az)
• Belarusian: грам m (hram)
• Bengali: গ্রাম (bn) (gram)
• Bulgarian: грам (bg) m (gram)
• Burmese: ဂရမ် (my) (ga.ram)
• Catalan: gram (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 克 (hak¹), 公克 (gung¹ hak¹)

  Dungan: гунфын (gunfɨn)

  Hakka: 克 (khiet), 公克 (kûng-khiet), 古拉母 (kù-la-mú)

  Hokkien: 公克 (zh-min-nan) (kong-khek)

  Mandarin: 克 (zh) (kè), 公克 (zh) (gōngkè)

• Czech: gram (cs) m
• Danish: gram (da) n
• Dutch: gram (nl) m
• Esperanto: gramo
• Estonian: gramm
• Finnish: gramma (fi)
• French: gramme (fr) m
• Galician: gramo (gl) m
• Georgian: გრამი (grami)
• German: Gramm (de) n
• Greek: γραμμάριο (el) n (grammário)

  Ancient: γραμμάριον n (grammárion)

• Gujarati: ગ્રામ (grām)
• Hebrew: גְרַם (he) m (gram)
• Hindi: ग्राम (hi) m (grām)
• Hungarian: gramm (hu)
• Icelandic: gramm (is) n
• Ido: gramo (io)
• Indonesian: gram (id)
• Irish: gram m
• Italian: grammo (it) m
• Japanese: グラム (ja) (guramu)
• Kannada: ಗ್ರಾಮು (grāmu)
• Kazakh: грамм (gramm)
• Khmer: ក្រាម (km) (kraam)
• Korean: 그램 (ko) (geuraem)
• Kyrgyz: грамм (ky) (gramm)
• Lao: ກຣັມ (ka ram), ກັມ (kam), ກະລາມ (lo) (ka lām)
• Latvian: grams m
• Lithuanian: gramas (lt) m
• Lü: ᦂᧄ (k̇am)
• Luxembourgish: Gramm m
• Macedonian: грам m (gram)
• Malay: gram
• Maori: karamu, koma
• Mongolian: грамм (mn) (gramm)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gram (no) n

  Nynorsk: gram n

• Occitan: grama (oc) m
• Persian: گرم (fa) (geram)
• Polish: gram (pl) m
• Portuguese: grama (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਗ੍ਰਾਮ (grām)
• Quechua: k'isura
• Romagnol: grâm m
• Romanian: gram (ro) n
• Russian: грамм (ru) m (gramm)
• Scottish Gaelic: gram m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: gram (sh) m

  Roman: грам

• Shan: ၷြမ် (grǎm)
• Sinhalese: ග්රෑම් (grǣm), ග්‍රෑම් (grǣm)
• Slovak: gram (sk) m
• Slovene: gram (sl) m
• Sotho: geramo
• Spanish: gramo (es) m
• Swahili: gramu (sw)
• Swedish: gram (sv) n
• Tagalog: gramo
• Tajik: грамм (gramm)
• Telugu: గ్రాము (te) (grāmu)
• Thai: กรัม (th) (gram)
• Turkish: gram (tr)
• Turkmen: gramm
• Ukrainian: грам (uk) m (hram)
• Urdu: گرام m (grām)
• Uzbek: gramm (uz)
• Vietnamese: gam (vi)
• Yiddish: גראַם (gram)
• Yoruba: gíráàmù

See also

• kilogram
• milligram
• List of SI units

Etymology 2

From obsolete Portuguese gram (modern Portuguese grão), from Latin grānum. Doublet of corn, grain, and granum.

Noun

gram (countable and uncountable, plural grams)

1. A leguminous plant grown for its seeds, especially the chickpea.
   • 1870, Henry Letheby, On Food, page 22:

     The next class of farinaceous foods are the Pulses, as peas, beans, and lentils of this country, and the dholls and grams of India.

2. (uncountable) The seeds of these plants.

Derived terms

• Bengal gram
• black gram
• gram flour
• green gram
• horse gram

 

Translations

A leguminous plant

• Bulgarian: нахут m (nahut)

Etymology 3

Diminutive of grandmother.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. (colloquial) Grandmother.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɹeəm/, /ˈɡɹæm/

Noun

gram (uncountable)

1. (US) Misspelling of graham.

Etymology 5

Clipping of Instagram.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of 'gram

See also

etymologically unrelated terms

• gram-negative
• gram-positive
• gram sansad

 

Further reading

• gram on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• gram (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• MAgr, marg

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈɡɾam]
• Rhymes: -am

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme.

Noun

gram m (plural grams)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin grāmen. Previously applied to grasses in general but now restricted to a few specific species.

Noun

gram m (plural grams)

1. Bermuda grass

Derived terms

• gram negre
• gramera
• gramós

 

Further reading

• “gram” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡram]
• Hyphenation: gram
• Rhymes: -am

Noun

gram m inan

1. gram (unit)

Declension

Declension of gram (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gramy
genitive	gramu	gramů
dative	gramu	gramům
accusative	gram	gramy
vocative	grame	gramy
locative	gramu	gramech
instrumental	gramem	gramy

Derived terms

• centigram
• decigram
• dekagram
• kilogram
• miligram

 

Further reading

• gram in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• gram in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse gramr, cognate with the Icelandic gramur (“resentful, irritated”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Adjective

gram

1. irate

Inflection

Inflection of gram
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Indefinte common singular	gram	—	—2
Indefinite neuter singular	gramt	—	—2
Plural	gramme	—	—2
Definite attributive1	gramme	—	—
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Related terms

• gram i hu

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek γραμμά (grammá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Noun

gram n (singular definite grammet, plural indefinite gram)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Inflection

Declension of gram

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gram	grammet	gram	grammene
genitive	grams	grammets	grams	grammenes

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣrɑm/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gram
• Rhymes: -ɑm

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma during the French Revolution, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n or m (plural grammen, diminutive grammetje n)

1. gram (unit of mass)

   Coordinate terms: kilo, ton

Derived terms

• centigram
• decagram
• decigram
• gramatoom
• hectogram
• kilogram
• microgram
• milligram
• nanogram

 

Descendants

• → Indonesian: gram

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch gram (“wrath”). The noun sense represents a substantivization of the adjective.

Adjective

gram (comparative grammer, superlative gramst)

1. (rare) angry, irate

Derived terms

• gramschap

 

Noun

gram m (uncountable, diminutive grammetje n)

1. (rare) wrath

   Synonyms: toorn, woede, wrevel

German

Etymology

From Middle High German gram, from Old High German gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

gram (indeclinable)

1. angry

Further reading

• “gram” in Duden online
• “gram” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch gram, from French gramme, from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡram]
• Hyphenation: gram

Noun

gram (first-person possessive gramku, second-person possessive grammu, third-person possessive gramnya)

1. gram: a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

Further reading

• “gram” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾˠamˠ/

Noun

gram m (genitive singular graim, nominative plural graim)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative gram graim Vocative a ghraim a ghrama Genitive graim gram Dative gram graim

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an gram na graim Genitive an ghraim na ngram Dative leis an ngram don ghram leis na graim

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gram	ghram	ngram
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gram”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Adjective

gram

1. angry
2. sad, upset

Inflection

Adjective
		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	Indefinite	gram	gramme	gram	gramme
	Definite	gramme		gramme
Accusative	Indefinite	grammen	gramme	gram	gramme
	Definite			gramme
Genitive		grams	grammer	grams	grammer
Dative		grammen	grammer	grammen	grammen

Descendants

• Dutch: gram

Further reading

• “gram”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gram (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz; cognate to Old Norse gramr. Related to grim.

Adjective

gram

1. Angry.
   • c. 1300, Havelok the Dane:

     For he knew, the swike dam, / Euerildel God was him gram.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

• English: gram

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma or grammene)

1. a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

• mikrogram

References

• “gram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “gram_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma)

1. a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

• mikrogram

References

• “gram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɑm/

Adjective

gram

1. angry, hostile

Declension

Declension of gram — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	gram	gramu, gramo	gram
Accusative	gramne	grame	gram
Genitive	grames	gramre	grames
Dative	gramum	gramre	gramum
Instrumental	grame	gramre	grame
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Accusative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Genitive	gramra	gramra	gramra
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

Declension of gram — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grama	grame	grame
Accusative	graman	graman	grame
Genitive	graman	graman	graman
Dative	graman	graman	graman
Instrumental	graman	graman	graman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	graman	graman	graman
Accusative	graman	graman	graman
Genitive	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

Descendants

• Middle English: gram
  • English: gram

Old Norse

Noun

gram

1. accusative/dative singular of gramr

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -am
• Syllabification: gram
• Homophone: -gram

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram m inan

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gramy
genitive	grama	gramów
dative	gramowi	gramom
accusative	gram	gramy
instrumental	gramem	gramami
locative	gramie	gramach
vocative	gramie	gramy

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

gram

1. first-person singular present indicative of grać

Further reading

• gram in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gram in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

gram m (plural grãos)

1. Obsolete spelling of grão

Descendants

• → English: gram

Adjective

gram

1. Obsolete spelling of grão

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French gramme.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡram/
• Rhymes: -am

Noun

gram n (plural grame)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) gram	gramul	(niște) grame	gramele
genitive/dative	(unui) gram	gramului	(unor) grame	gramelor
vocative	gramule		gramelor

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/

Noun

gram m (plural gramichean)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Derived terms

• cileagram (“kilogram”)
• micreo-gram (“microgram”)

Related terms

• tunna (“tonne”)

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
gram	ghram
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “gram”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâm/

Noun

grȁm m (Cyrillic spelling гра̏м)

1. gram (unit)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	grȁm	grȁmi
genitive	grȁma	grȃmā
dative	grȁmu	grȁmima
accusative	grȁm	grȁme
vocative	grȁme	grȁmi
locative	grȁmu	grȁmima
instrumental	grȁmom	grȁmima

Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Noun

gram n

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	gram	grammet	gram	grammen
Genitive	grams	grammets	grams	grammens

Tatar

Noun

gram

1. Latin spelling of грам (gram, “gram (unit of mass)”)

Declension

declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gram
genitive	gram	gram
dative	gram	gram
accusative	gram	gram
locative	gram	gram
ablative	gram	gram

Volapük

Noun

gram (nominative plural grams)

1. gram

Declension

declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	grams
genitive	grama	gramas
dative	grame	grames
accusative	grami	gramis
vocative 1	o gram!	o grams!
predicative 2	gramu	gramus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only