See also: کشتن and كسبن

Persian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gltyt /⁠gardēd⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *gártati (to turn), possibly a merger with *gárati (to turn, wind) and *wártati (to turn), the former being of uncertain origin and the latter from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (to turn).[1] Cognate with Tat gəştən and akin to the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian վաշտ (vašt), Old Georgian ვაშტი (vašṭi).

Pronunciation

edit
 

Readings
Classical reading? gaštan
Dari reading? gaštan
Iranian reading? gaštan
Tajik reading? gaštan

Verb

edit
Dari گشتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik гаштан

گشتن (gaštan) (present stem گرد (gard))

  1. (intransitive) to rotate, turn, revolve, spin (to move around an axis)
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    به دور خود گشتنbe dowr-e xod gaštanto turn, spin (around)
    زمین به طور مداوم به دور خود می‌گردد.
    zamin be tur-e modâvem be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
    The Earth is constantly spinning.
    زمین یک بار در هر بیست و چهار ساعت به دور خود می‌گردد.
    zamin yek bâr dar har bist-o-čahâr sâ'at be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
    The Earth revolves once every 24 hours.
  2. (intransitive) to spin (to rotate or turn around quickly)
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    توپ بر روی زمین به دور خود می‌گردد.
    tup bar ru-ye zamin be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
    The ball is spinning on the ground.
  3. (intransitive) to circulate (to move in a circuit, for example blood, air)
    Synonyms: گردیدن (gardidan), در گردش بودن (dar gardeš budan)
    هوا در فضای خانه می‌گردد.
    havâ dar fazâ-ye xâne mi-gardad
    The air is circulating around the house (space).
  4. (intransitive) to circle (to travel in a circle or circles)
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    پرنده‌ها بالای سرمان می‌گشتند.
    parande-hâ bâlâ-ye saremân mi-gaštand
    The birds were circling above us.
  5. (intransitive) to walk around, have a walk around
    Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
    بیا برویم بگردیم.biyâ be-ravim be-gardimLet’s go walk around.
    رفتیم بیرون بگردیم.raftim birun be-gardimWe went out to walk around.
  6. to become, to be changed
    • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 639:
      هر که سردت کرد می‏دان کاو در اوست
      دیو پنهان گشته اندر زیر پوست‏
      har ki sardat kard mē-dān k-ō dar ō-st
      dēw pinhān gašta andar zēr-i pōst.
      Whoever makes you cold (damps your spiritual ardour) know that he (Satan) is in him:
      the Devil has become hidden beneath his skin.
      (Classical Romanization)

Conjugation

edit

Derived terms

edit
edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*gart”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 110-111