گرد
Central Kurdish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
گرد (gird)
- hill (elevated location)
Khalaj edit
Noun edit
گَرد (gərd) (definite accusative گَردی, plural گَردلَر)
Declension edit
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (wrd-), [script needed] (wlt- /ward-/, “to turn, twist, writhe”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎫 (vart-), from the Proto-Iranian root *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wart-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).[1][2]
Cognates include Sanskrit वर्त्ति (vártti), वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”), Latin vertere (“to turn”), German werden (“to turn (into), become”), English worth; also Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙- (varət-), Khotanese [script needed] (bal- /baḍ-/, “to move, writhe”), Parthian [script needed] (wrt-), [script needed] (wrd-), Sogdian wrtn.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡiɾð]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡʲeɹd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡiɹd̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | gird |
| Dari reading? | gird |
| Iranian reading? | gerd |
| Tajik reading? | gird |
Adjective edit
| Dari | گرد |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | гирд |
گرد • (gerd)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (gard, “dust”),[3] ultimately from the same root as the verb گَشتَن (gaštan, “to wander around”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡaɾð]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡʲæɹd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | gard |
| Dari reading? | gard |
| Iranian reading? | gard |
| Tajik reading? | gard |
Noun edit
گرد • (gard)
Related terms edit
- گرده (garde, “pollen”)
Descendants edit
- → Khalaj: gərd
Etymology 3 edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (gurd, “hero”).[4]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡuɾð]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡ̥oɹd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡuɹd̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | gurd |
| Dari reading? | gurd |
| Iranian reading? | gord |
| Tajik reading? | gurd |
Noun edit
گرد • (gord)
Etymology 4 edit
From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭫𐭲 (-klt /-kirt, -gird/), from Old Persian [script needed] (-kṛta, “made, done”), from Proto-Iranian *-kr̥táh, from the adjective *kr̥táh (“made, done”) (compare Avestan 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (kərəta), Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /karta/), Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (compare Sanskrit कृत (kṛtá)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥tós, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”).
Alternative forms edit
- جرد (-jerd)
Suffix edit
گرد • (-gerd or -gard)
- Suffix used to form city names.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯art”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 423–425
- ^ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 514
- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gard”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 35
- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gurd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38