گرد

See also: ـگرد, گرڈ, کرد, كرد, and گرَٛد

Central Kurdish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡəɾd/

Noun

گرد (gird)

hill (elevated location)

Khalaj

Noun

گَرد (gərd) (definite accusative گَردی, plural گَردلَر)

Arabic spelling of gərd (“dust”)

Declension

Declension of گرد

	singular	plural
nominative	گرد	گردلَر
genitive	گردۆݧ	گردلَریݧ
dative	گردکه	گردلَرکه
definite accusative	گردۆ	گردلَری
locative	گردچه	گردلَرچه
ablative	گردده	گردلَرده
instrumental	گردله	گردلَرله
equative	گردوارا	گردلَروارا

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wrd-), [script needed] (wlt- /⁠ward-⁠/, “to turn, twist, writhe”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎫 (vart-), from the Proto-Iranian root *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wart-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).^[1]^[2]

Cognates include Sanskrit वर्त्ति (vártti), वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”), Latin vertere (“to turn”), German werden (“to turn (into), become”), English worth; also Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙- (var^ət-), Khotanese [script needed] (bal- /⁠baḍ-⁠/, “to move, writhe”), Parthian [script needed] (wrt-), [script needed] (wrd-), Sogdian wrtn.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡiɾð]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡiɹd̪̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲeɹd̪̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡiɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gird
Dari reading^?	gird
Iranian reading^?	gerd
Tajik reading^?	gird

Adjective


Iranian Persian	گرد
Dari	گرد
Tajik	гирд

گرد • (gerd)

round, circular

Derived terms

گردی (gerdi)
گردالی (gerdàli)

Related terms

گردیدن (gardidan, “to rotate, spin, circulate”)
گردو (gerdu, “walnut”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gard, “dust”),^[3] ultimately from the same root as the verb (gaštan, “to wander around”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡaɾð]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲæɹd̪̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gard
Dari reading^?	gard
Iranian reading^?	gard
Tajik reading^?	gard

Noun

گرد • (gard)

dust
powder

Related terms

گرده (garde, “pollen”)

Descendants

→ Khalaj: gərd

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gurd, “hero”).^[4]

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡuɾð]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡuɹd̪̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥oɹd̪̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡuɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gurd
Dari reading^?	gurd
Iranian reading^?	gord
Tajik reading^?	gurd

Noun

گرد • (gord)

hero

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯art”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 423–425
^ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 514
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gard”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 35
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gurd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯art”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 423–425

[2] Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 514

[3] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gard”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 35

[4] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gurd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38

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