ܠܚܡܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܠ ܚ ܡ (l ḥ m)
6 terms

Etymology

From Aramaic לַחְמָא (laḥmā), from Proto-Semitic *laḥm-; compare Hebrew לֶחֶם (lékhem) and Arabic لَحْم (laḥm, “meat”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [lax.ma]

Noun

ܠܲܚܡܵܐ • (laḥmā) m sg (plural ܠܲܚܡܹ̈ܐ (laḥmē))

1. (uncountable) bread (baked dough made from cereals)

   ܥܒ݂ܝܼܕ ܠܲܢ ܟܸܪ̈ܡܘܼܟ݂ܵܬܹܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܕܗ̇ܘ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܕܙܒ݂ܝܼܢܲܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܒܹܝܬ ܐܲܦܵܝܘܼܬܵܐ.

   ˁḇīd lan kirmūḵātē min d-awa laḥmā d-zḇīnan min bēt appāyūtā.

   We made sandwiches with the bread we bought from the bakery.

   • John 6:58:

     ܐܵܗܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܕܨܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܡ̣ܢ ܫܡܲܝܵܐ، ܠܵܐ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܗ̇ܘ ܕܐ݇ܟ݂ܝܼܠ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܐܲܒ݂ܵܗܵܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܡܝܼܬ ܠܗܘܿܢ. ܡ̇ܢ ܕܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ ܡ̣ܢ ܐܵܗܵܐ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܚܵܝܹܐ ܠܥܵܠܲܡ.

     āhā ìlēh laḥmā d-ṣlē lēh min šmayyā, lā ayḵ awa d-ḵīl lhōn aḇāhātāwḵōn īnā mīt lhōn. man d-āḵēl min āhā laḥmā bit ḥāyē lˁālam.

     This is the bread which came down from heaven, not as your fathers ate the manna, and are dead. He who eats this bread will live forever.

2. (countable) loaf of bread
   • Matthew 14:19:

     ܘܦܩܝܼܕ ܠܹܗ ܠܟܸܢܫܹ̈ܐ ܕܝܵܬܒ݂ܝܼ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܥܲܠ ܓܸܠܵܐ. ܘܫܩܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܐܵܢܝܼ ܚܲܡܫܵܐ ܠܲܚܡܹ̈ܐ ܘܬܪܹܝܢ ܢܘܼܢܹ̈ܐ، ܘܚܝܼܪܹܗ ܠܫܡܲܝܵܐ، ܒܘܼܪܸܟ݂ ܠܹܗ، ܘܩܨܹܐ ܠܹܗ، ܘܝܘܼܗ݇ܒܹܠ ܠܹܗ ܠܬܲܠܡܝܼܕܘܼ̈ܗܝ، ܘܬܲܠܡܝܼ̈ܕܹܐ ܝܘܼܗ݇ܒܹܠ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܠܟܸܢܫܹ̈ܐ.

     w-pqīd lēh l-kinšē d-yātḇī wā ˁal gillā. w-šqīl lēh ānī ḥamšā laḥmē w-trēn nūnē, w-ḥīrēh l-šmayyā, būriḵ lēh, w-qṣē lēh, w-yūbēl lēh l-talmīdūh, w-talmīdē yūbēl lhōn l-kinšē.

     And he directed the people to sit down on the grass. Taking the five loaves and the two fish and looking up to heaven, he gave thanks and broke the loaves. Then he gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the people.

3. (archaic, dated) food, victuals

Inflection

Inflection of ܠܲܚܡܵܐ (laḥmā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܠܲܚܡܝܼ (laḥmī)		ܠܲܚܡܲܢ (laḥman)
	construct	ܠܚܸܡ (lḥim)	2nd person	ܠܲܚܡܘܼܟ݂ (laḥmūḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܵܟ݂ܝ (laḥmāḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (laḥmāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܠܲܚܡܵܐ (laḥmā)	3rd person	ܠܲܚܡܹܗ (laḥmēh)	ܠܲܚܡܵܗ̇ (laḥmāh)	ܠܲܚܡܗܘܿܢ (laḥmhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܠܲܚܡܝܼ̈ (laḥmī)		ܠܲܚܡܲܢ̈ (laḥman)
	construct	ܠܲܚܡܲܝ̈ (laḥmay)	2nd person	ܠܲܚܡܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (laḥmūḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (laḥmāḵ)	ܠܲܚܡܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (laḥmāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܠܲܚܡܹ̈ܐ (laḥmē)	3rd person	ܠܲܚܡܘܼ̈ܗܝ (laḥmūh)	ܠܲܚܡ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (laḥmōh)	ܠܲܚܡܗ̈ܘܿܢ (laḥmhōn)

References

• “ܠܲܚܡܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 January 6 (last accessed)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

ܠܚܡܐ

From the root ܠ-ܚ-ܡ (l-ḥ-m) related to eating. Compare Arabic لَحْم (laḥm) and Hebrew לֶחֶם (léḥem).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [laħmɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [laħme(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܠܚܡܐ • (laḥmā) m (plural ܠܚܡܐ)

1. bread
2. loaf, cake (of bread)
3. meal
4. food, victuals

Inflection

    inflection of ܠܚܡܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܠܚܡ	ܠܚܡܝܢ
construct	ܠܚܡ	ܠܚܡܝ
emphatic	ܠܚܡܐ	ܠܚܡܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܠܚܡܝ	ܠܚܡܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܠܚܡܟ	ܠܚܡܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܠܚܡܟܝ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܠܚܡܢ	ܠܚܡܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܠܚܡܟܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܠܚܡܟܝܢ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܠܚܡܗܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܠܚܡܗܝܢ	ܠܚܡܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܠ-ܚ-ܡ (l-ḥ-m) related to threatening.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [l(ə)ħɑmɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [l(ə)ħɑme(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܠܚܡܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܠܚܡܐ)

1. torment

Inflection

    inflection of ܠܚܡܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܠܚܡ	ܠܚܡܝܢ
construct	ܠܚܡ	ܠܚܡܝ
emphatic	ܠܚܡܐ	ܠܚܡܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܠܚܡܝ	ܠܚܡܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܠܚܡܟ	ܠܚܡܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܠܚܡܟܝ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܠܚܡܗ	ܠܚܡܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܠܚܡܢ	ܠܚܡܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܠܚܡܟܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܠܚܡܟܝܢ	ܠܚܡܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܠܚܡܗܘܢ	ܠܚܡܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܠܚܡܗܝܢ	ܠܚܡܝܗܝܢ

References

• “lḥm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 171b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 240b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pp. 685b-686a

Anagrams

• ܚܠܡܐ
• ܡܠܚܐ

Turoyo

Etymology

from Aramaic לחמא (laḥmā)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laħmo/

Noun

ܠܰܚܡܳܐ • (laḥmo) m (plural ܠܰܚܡܶܐ (laḥme))

1. bread

Western Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

from Aramaic לחמא (laḥmā)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /leħma/

Noun

ܠܶܚܡܰܐ (transliteration needed) m

1. bread