घृत
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
edit- ঘৃত (Assamese script)
- ᬖᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
- ঘৃত (Bengali script)
- 𑰑𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀖𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ဃၖတ (Burmese script)
- ઘૃત (Gujarati script)
- ਘ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌘𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦓꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂐𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಘೃತ (Kannada script)
- ឃ្ឫត (Khmer script)
- ຆ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
- ഘൃത (Malayalam script)
- ᢚᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘑𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠾᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦱𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐑𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଘୃତ (Odia script)
- ꢕꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆔𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖑𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ඝෘත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩟𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚍𑚙 (Takri script)
- க்⁴ரித (Tamil script)
- ఘృత (Telugu script)
- ฆฺฤต (Thai script)
- གྷྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒒𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨎𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
editEtymology 1
editCompound of घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, to ceremonially anoint, to sprinkle”) + -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek χριστός (khristós, “rubbed, anointed”) whence English Christ.
Adjective
editघृत • (ghṛtá) stem
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | घृतः ghṛtáḥ |
घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹ |
घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛtā́ḥ / ghṛtā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | घृत ghṛ́ta |
घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛ́tau / ghṛ́tā¹ |
घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛ́tāḥ / ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹ |
घृतान् ghṛtā́n |
Instrumental | घृतेन ghṛténa |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | घृताय ghṛtā́ya |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Ablative | घृतात् ghṛtā́t |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Genitive | घृतस्य ghṛtásya |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
Locative | घृते ghṛté |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of घृता (ghṛtā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | घृता ghṛtā́ |
घृते ghṛté |
घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ |
Vocative | घृते ghṛ́te |
घृते ghṛ́te |
घृताः ghṛ́tāḥ |
Accusative | घृताम् ghṛtā́m |
घृते ghṛté |
घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ |
Instrumental | घृतया / घृता¹ ghṛtáyā / ghṛtā́¹ |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृताभिः ghṛtā́bhiḥ |
Dative | घृतायै ghṛtā́yai |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai² |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai² |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
Locative | घृतायाम् ghṛtā́yām |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतासु ghṛtā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
Vocative | घृत ghṛ́ta |
घृते ghṛ́te |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛ́tāni / ghṛ́tā¹ |
Accusative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
Instrumental | घृतेन ghṛténa |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | घृताय ghṛtā́ya |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Ablative | घृतात् ghṛtā́t |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Genitive | घृतस्य ghṛtásya |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
Locative | घृते ghṛté |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu |
Notes |
|
Etymology 2
editCompound of घृ (ghṛ, “to shine, burn”) + -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).
Adjective
editघृत • (ghṛtá) stem
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | घृतः ghṛtáḥ |
घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹ |
घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛtā́ḥ / ghṛtā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | घृत ghṛ́ta |
घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛ́tau / ghṛ́tā¹ |
घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛ́tāḥ / ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹ |
घृतान् ghṛtā́n |
Instrumental | घृतेन ghṛténa |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | घृताय ghṛtā́ya |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Ablative | घृतात् ghṛtā́t |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Genitive | घृतस्य ghṛtásya |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
Locative | घृते ghṛté |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of घृता (ghṛtā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | घृता ghṛtā́ |
घृते ghṛté |
घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ |
Vocative | घृते ghṛ́te |
घृते ghṛ́te |
घृताः ghṛ́tāḥ |
Accusative | घृताम् ghṛtā́m |
घृते ghṛté |
घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ |
Instrumental | घृतया / घृता¹ ghṛtáyā / ghṛtā́¹ |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृताभिः ghṛtā́bhiḥ |
Dative | घृतायै ghṛtā́yai |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai² |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai² |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
Locative | घृतायाम् ghṛtā́yām |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतासु ghṛtā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
Vocative | घृत ghṛ́ta |
घृते ghṛ́te |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛ́tāni / ghṛ́tā¹ |
Accusative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
Instrumental | घृतेन ghṛténa |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | घृताय ghṛtā́ya |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Ablative | घृतात् ghṛtā́t |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Genitive | घृतस्य ghṛtásya |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
Locative | घृते ghṛté |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu |
Notes |
|
Etymology 3
editOf Uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from the root घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, sprinkle”) and compared with विघृत (vighṛta, “besprinkled, dripping”).[1] However, considering that the word refers to "melted (heated) butter", it is more likely that the word derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-tos, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). In the latter case, cognate with Etymology 2, as well as Middle Irish gert (“a product of cattle excluding calves, esp. milk or manure”).[2]
Noun
editघृत • (ghṛtá) stem, n
- ghee
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.86.6:
- ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
ता सू॒रिषु॒ श्रवो॑ बृ॒हद्र॒यिं गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृत॒मिषं॑ गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृतम्॥- evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.
tā́ sūríṣu śrávo bṛhádrayíṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtamíṣaṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtam. - The strength-bestowing offering thus to Indra-Agni have been paid, as butter, purified by stones. Deal to our princes high renown, deal wealth to those who sing your praise, deal food to those who sing your praise.
- evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.
- ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
- fat
Declension
editNeuter a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
Vocative | घृत ghṛ́ta |
घृते ghṛ́te |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛ́tāni / ghṛ́tā¹ |
Accusative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
Instrumental | घृतेन ghṛténa |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | घृताय ghṛtā́ya |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Ablative | घृतात् ghṛtā́t |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
Genitive | घृतस्य ghṛtásya |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
Locative | घृते ghṛté |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu |
Notes |
|
Related terms
edit- सर्पिस् (sarpís)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “घृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0378/2, 0379/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghrta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 243
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 212-3
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit compound terms
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- sa:Weather