चरति
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Alternative forms
Verb edit
चरति (root car, first conjugation)
- Devanagari script form of carati (“to walk”)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "चरति"
Active | Middle | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Present | ||||
1st | चरामि (carāmi) | चराम (carāma) | चरे (care) | चराम्हे (carāmhe) |
2nd | चरसि (carasi) | चरथ (caratha) | चरसे (carase) | चरव्हे (caravhe) |
3rd | चरति (carati) | चरन्ति (caranti) | चरते (carate) | चरन्ते (carante) or चररे (carare) |
Imperative | ||||
1st | चरामि (carāmi) | चराम (carāma) | चरे (care) | चरामसे (carāmase) |
2nd | चर (cara) or चराहि (carāhi) | चरथ (caratha) | चरस्सु (carassu) | चरव्हो (caravho) |
3rd | चरतु (caratu) | चरन्तु (carantu) | चरतं (carataṃ) | चरन्तं (carantaṃ) |
Optative | ||||
1st | चरेय्यामि (careyyāmi) or चरेय्यं (careyyaṃ) or चरे (care) | चरेय्याम (careyyāma) | चरेय्यं (careyyaṃ) | चरेय्याम्हे (careyyāmhe) |
2nd | चरेय्यासि (careyyāsi) or चरे (care) | चरेय्याथ (careyyātha) | चरेथो (caretho) | चरेय्यव्हो (careyyavho) |
3rd | चरेय्य (careyya) or चरे (care) | चरेय्युं (careyyuṃ) | चरेथ (caretha) | चरेरं (careraṃ) |
- Present active participle: चरन्त् (carant), which see for forms and usage
- Present middle participle: चरमान (caramāna), which see for forms and usage
Adjective edit
चरति (carati)
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- চৰতি (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬭᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- চরতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰨𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀭𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- စရတိ (Burmese script)
- ચરતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਚਰਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌰𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦫꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂩𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಚರತಿ (Kannada script)
- ចរតិ (Khmer script)
- ຈຣຕິ (Lao script)
- ചരതി (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠᡵᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘨𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᠷᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧈𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐬𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଚରତି (Odia script)
- ꢗꢬꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆫𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖨𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- චරති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩼𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚤𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- சரதி (Tamil script)
- చరతి (Telugu script)
- จรติ (Thai script)
- ཙ་ར་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒩𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨫𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷél-e-ti, from *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλω (pélō), Latin colō, Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍 (carānī, “I move, approach”), Old English hwēol (whence English wheel). See also चलति (cálati).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
चरति • (cárati) third-singular present indicative (root चर्, class 1, type P)
- to move oneself, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.)
- to spread, be diffused (as fire)
- to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.02:
- índrasya dūtī́r iṣitā́ carāmi mahá ichántī paṇayo nidhī́n vaḥ
atiṣkádo bhiyásā tán na āvat táthā rasā́yā ataram páyāṃsi- I come appointed messenger of Indra, seeking your ample stores of wealth, O Paṇis.
This hath preserved me from the fear of crossing: thus have I made my way o' er Rasa's waters.
- I come appointed messenger of Indra, seeking your ample stores of wealth, O Paṇis.
- índrasya dūtī́r iṣitā́ carāmi mahá ichántī paṇayo nidhī́n vaḥ
- to behave, conduct oneself, act, live, treat (with instrumental or locative)
- to be engaged in, occupied or busy with
- to have intercourse with, have to do with (+instrumental)
- to continue performing or being
- (astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction
- to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make
- to consume, eat (with accusative), graze
- to make or render (with double accusative)
- (causative) to cause to move or walk about
- (causative) to pasture
- (causative) to send, direct, turn, move
- (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to walk through (+accusative)
- (causative) to drive away from (+ ablative)
- (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative)
- (causative) to cause (any animal, +accusative) to eat
- (causative) to cause to copulate
- (causative) to ascertain (as through a spy instr.)
- (causative) to doubt
- (desiderative) to try to go
- (desiderative) to wish to act or conduct oneself
- (desiderative) to try to have intercourse with
- (intensive) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative)
- (intensive) to act wantonly or coquettishly
Conjugation edit
Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.
Nonfinite Forms: चरितुम् (cáritum) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Undeclinable | |||
Infinitive | चरितुम् cáritum | ||
Gerund | चरित्वा caritvā́ | ||
Participles | |||
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive | चर्य / चरितव्य / चरणीय cárya / caritavya / caraṇīya | ||
Feminine Gerundive | चर्या / चरितव्या / चरणीया cáryā / caritavyā / caraṇīyā | ||
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle | चरित caritá | ||
Feminine Past Passive Participle | चरिता caritā́ | ||
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle | चरितवत् caritávat | ||
Feminine Past Active Participle | चरितवती caritávatī |
Present: चरति (cárati), चरते (cárate) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | चरति cárati |
चरतः cárataḥ |
चरन्ति cáranti |
चरते cárate |
चरेते cárete |
चरन्ते cárante |
Second | चरसि cárasi |
चरथः cárathaḥ |
चरथ cáratha |
चरसे cárase |
चरेथे cárethe |
चरध्वे cáradhve |
First | चरामि cárāmi |
चरावः cárāvaḥ |
चरामः cárāmaḥ |
चरे cáre |
चरावहे cárāvahe |
चरामहे cárāmahe |
Imperative | ||||||
Third | चरतु cáratu |
चरताम् cáratām |
चरन्तु cárantu |
चरताम् cáratām |
चरेताम् cáretām |
चरन्ताम् cárantām |
Second | चर cára |
चरतम् cáratam |
चरत cárata |
चरस्व cárasva |
चरेथाम् cárethām |
चरध्वम् cáradhvam |
First | चराणि cárāṇi |
चराव cárāva |
चराम cárāma |
चरै cárai |
चरावहै cárāvahai |
चरामहै cárāmahai |
Optative/Potential | ||||||
Third | चरेत् cáret |
चरेताम् cáretām |
चरेयुः cáreyuḥ |
चरेत cáreta |
चरेयाताम् cáreyātām |
चरेरन् cáreran |
Second | चरेः cáreḥ |
चरेतम् cáretam |
चरेत cáreta |
चरेथाः cárethāḥ |
चरेयाथाम् cáreyāthām |
चरेध्वम् cáredhvam |
First | चरेयम् cáreyam |
चरेव cáreva |
चरेम cárema |
चरेय cáreya |
चरेवहि cárevahi |
चरेमहि cáremahi |
Participles | ||||||
चरत् cárat |
चरमाण cáramāṇa |
Imperfect: अचरत् (ácarat), अचरत (ácarata) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अचरत् ácarat |
अचरताम् ácaratām |
अचरन् ácaran |
अचरत ácarata |
अचरेताम् ácaretām |
अचरन्त ácaranta |
Second | अचरः ácaraḥ |
अचरतम् ácaratam |
अचरत ácarata |
अचरथाः ácarathāḥ |
अचरेथाम् ácarethām |
अचरध्वम् ácaradhvam |
First | अचरम् ácaram |
अचराव ácarāva |
अचराम ácarāma |
अचरे ácare |
अचरावहि ácarāvahi |
अचरामहि ácarāmahi |
Future: चरिष्यति (cariṣyáti), चरिष्यते (cariṣyáte) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | चरिष्यति cariṣyáti |
चरिष्यतः cariṣyátaḥ |
चरिष्यन्ति cariṣyánti |
चरिष्यते cariṣyáte |
चरिष्येते cariṣyéte |
चरिष्यन्ते cariṣyánte |
Second | चरिष्यसि cariṣyási |
चरिष्यथः cariṣyáthaḥ |
चरिष्यथ cariṣyátha |
चरिष्यसे cariṣyáse |
चरिष्येथे cariṣyéthe |
चरिष्यध्वे cariṣyádhve |
First | चरिष्यामि cariṣyā́mi |
चरिष्यावः cariṣyā́vaḥ |
चरिष्यामः cariṣyā́maḥ |
चरिष्ये cariṣyé |
चरिष्यावहे cariṣyā́vahe |
चरिष्यामहे cariṣyā́mahe |
Participles | ||||||
चरिष्यत् cariṣyát |
चरिष्यमाण cariṣyámāṇa |
Conditional: अचरिष्यत् (ácariṣyat), अचरिष्यत (ácariṣyata) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अचरिष्यत् ácariṣyat |
अचरिष्यताम् ácariṣyatām |
अचरिष्यन् ácariṣyan |
अचरिष्यत ácariṣyata |
अचरिष्येताम् ácariṣyetām |
अचरिष्यन्त ácariṣyanta |
Second | अचरिष्यः ácariṣyaḥ |
अचरिष्यतम् ácariṣyatam |
अचरिष्यत ácariṣyata |
अचरिष्यथाः ácariṣyathāḥ |
अचरिष्येथाम् ácariṣyethām |
अचरिष्यध्वम् ácariṣyadhvam |
First | अचरिष्यम् ácariṣyam |
अचरिष्याव ácariṣyāva |
अचरिष्याम ácariṣyāma |
अचरिष्ये ácariṣye |
अचरिष्यावहि ácariṣyāvahi |
अचरिष्यामहि ácariṣyāmahi |
Aorist: अचारीत् (ácārīt), अचारिष्ट (ácāriṣṭa) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अचारीत् ácārīt |
अचारिष्टाम् ácāriṣṭām |
अचारिषुः ácāriṣuḥ |
अचारिष्ट ácāriṣṭa |
अचारिषाताम् ácāriṣātām |
अचारिषत ácāriṣata |
Second | अचारीः ácārīḥ |
अचारिष्टम् ácāriṣṭam |
अचारिष्ट ácāriṣṭa |
अचारिष्ठाः ácāriṣṭhāḥ |
अचारिषाथाम् ácāriṣāthām |
अचारिढ्वम् ácāriḍhvam |
First | अचारिषम् ácāriṣam |
अचारिष्व ácāriṣva |
अचारिष्म ácāriṣma |
अचारिषि ácāriṣi |
अचारिष्वहि ácāriṣvahi |
अचारिष्महि ácāriṣmahi |
Benedictive/Precative: चर्यात् (caryā́t), चरिषीष्ट (cariṣīṣṭá) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | चर्यात् caryā́t |
चर्यास्ताम् caryā́stām |
चर्यासुः caryā́suḥ |
चरिषीष्ट cariṣīṣṭá |
चरिषीयास्ताम्¹ cariṣīyā́stām¹ |
चरिषीरन् cariṣīrán | |
Second | चर्याः caryā́ḥ |
चर्यास्तम् caryā́stam |
चर्यास्त caryā́sta |
चरिषीष्ठाः cariṣīṣṭhā́ḥ |
चरिषीयास्थाम्¹ cariṣīyā́sthām¹ |
चरिषीढ्वम् cariṣīḍhvám | |
First | चर्यासम् caryā́sam |
चर्यास्व caryā́sva |
चर्यास्म caryā́sma |
चरिषीय cariṣīyá |
चरिषीवहि cariṣīváhi |
चरिषीमहि cariṣīmáhi | |
Notes |
|
Perfect: चचार (cacā́ra), चेरे (ceré) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | चचार cacā́ra |
चेरतुः cerátuḥ |
चेरुः cerúḥ |
चेरे ceré |
चेराते cerā́te |
चेरिरे ceriré | |
Second | चचर्थ / चचरिथ cacártha / cacáritha |
चेरथुः ceráthuḥ |
चेर cerá |
चेरिषे ceriṣé |
चेराथे cerā́the |
चेरिध्वे ceridhvé | |
First | चचर / चचार¹ cacára / cacā́ra¹ |
चेरिव cerivá |
चेरिम cerimá |
चेरे ceré |
चेरिवहे ceriváhe |
चेरिमहे cerimáhe | |
Participles | |||||||
चेरिवांस् cerivā́ṃs |
चेराण cerāṇá | ||||||
Notes |
|
Derived terms edit
- आचरति (ācarati)
Descendants edit
- Pali: carati
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “चरति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 389.