Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷel-

1. to turn (end-over-end)

Reconstruction notes

The root is sometimes reconstructed with -h₁- in order to explain some forms in Greek, including:

• Pre-Greek *kʷélh₁-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present) > Ancient Greek τέλεθω (télethō)

This reconstruction, however, contradicts some forms in other languages, e.g.:

• Pre-Italic *kʷl̥-tó-s (past participle) > Latin cultus (not **clātus < **kʷl̥h₁-tós)

Alternative reconstructions

• *kʷelh₁-

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷel-

• *kʷél-e-ti (root present)
  • Albanian: *tšela
    • Albanian: sjell
  • Hellenic: *kʷélō
    • Ancient Greek: πέλω (pélō)
  • Indo-Iranian: *čárati
    • Indo-Aryan: *ćárati
      • Sanskrit: चरति (cárati)
        • Pali: carati
    • Iranian: *čárati
      • Central Iranian
        • Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍‎ (carānī, “I move, approach”)
      • Eastern Iranian
        • Ossetian: цӕрын (cæryn, “to live”)
        • Pashto: څرېدل‎ (caredal, “to pasture, graze”)
      • Western Iranian
        • Northwestern Iranian
          • Kurdish:
            • Northern Kurdish: çerîn (“to graze”)
            • Central Kurdish: چەرین‎ (çerîn)
          • Zazaki: çerayen
        • Southwestern Iranian
          • Old Persian: [script needed] (caratiy)
            • Middle Persian: [script needed] (carīdan), [script needed] (carag, “pasture, grazing; flock”)
              • Persian: چریدن‎ (carīdan, “to graze”)
              • Tajik: чаридан (čaridan)
            • Lurish:
              • Northern Luri: قۏئلٛ‎ (qöeł, “foot, wheel”)

                nahavandi: قول‎ (qol)

              • Bakhtiari: گٱل‎ (gal, “foot”)
  • Italic: *kʷelō
    • Latin: colō (see there for further descendants)
• *kʷél-ye-ti
  • Hellenic: *kʷéľľō
    • Ancient Greek: τέλλω (téllō)
• *kʷól-o-s
  • Hellenic: *kʷólos
    • Ancient Greek: πόλος (pólos)
      • Greek: πόλος (pólos)
      • → Latin: polus (see there for further descendants)
• *kʷl̥H-í-s
  • Hellenic: *kʷalis
    • Ancient Greek: πάλιν (pálin), πᾰ́λῐ (páli)
      • Greek: πάλι (páli)
      • → Coptic: ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ (palin)
• *kʷel-o-m
  • Old Prussian: kelan
• *kʷé-kʷl-o-s (reduplicated noun) (see there for further descendants)
• *kʷél-os ~ *kʷél-es-os
  • Hellenic: *kʷélos
    • Ancient Greek: τέλος (télos)
      • Greek: τέλος (télos)
      • → English: telos
      • → English: teleology
• *kʷel-es-ye-ti
  • Hellenic: *kʷeléyyō
    • Ancient Greek: τελέω (teléō)
• *kʷól-os ~ *kʷól-es-os
  • Balto-Slavic: *kalas
    • Slavic: *kolo (see there for further descendants)
  • Celtic: *kʷolos
    • Old Irish: cul
• *kʷol-so-m
  • Italic: *kʷolsom
    • Latin: collum (see there for further descendants)
• *kʷl̥-tó-s
  • Italic: *kʷəltos
    • Latin: cultus (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: τῆλε (têle)
    • Ancient Greek: πάλαι (pálai)
    • Ancient Greek: -κόλος (-kólos), -πόλος (-pólos)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: चलति (cálati), चरण (caraṇa), चलन (calana), चालन (cālana), चल (cala)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: colōnus (see there for further descendants)
    • Latin: -cola
  • Tocharian: [Term?]
    • Tocharian B: klutk-
  • → Uralic: *kulke- (see there for further descendants)

See also

• Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“who, how”)