Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit

RootEdit

*kʷel-

to turn (end-over-end)

Reconstruction notesEdit

The root is sometimes reconstructed with -h₁- in order to explain some forms in Greek, including:

Pre-Greek *kʷélh₁-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present) > Ancient Greek τελέθω (teléthō)

This reconstruction, however, contradicts some forms in other languages, e.g.:

Pre-Italic *kʷl̥-tó-s (past participle) > Latin cultus (not **clātus < **kʷl̥h₁-tós)

Alternative reconstructionsEdit

*kʷelh₁-^[1]

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷel-

*kʷél-e-ti (root present)
- Proto-Albanian: *tšela
  - Albanian: sjell
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélō
  - Ancient Greek: πέλω (pélō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čárati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárati
    - Sanskrit: चरति (cárati)
      - Pali: carati
  - Proto-Iranian: *čárati
    - Central Iranian
      - Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍‎ (carānī, “I move, approach”)
    - Eastern Iranian
      - Ossetian: цӕрын (cæryn, “to live”)
      - Pashto: څرېدل‎ (caredal, “to pasture, graze”)
    - Western Iranian
      - Northwestern Iranian
        Kurdish:
        Northern Kurdish: çerîn (“to graze”)
        
        Central Kurdish: چەرین‎ (çerîn)
        
        Zazaki: çerayen
      - Southwestern Iranian
        Old Persian: [script needed] (caratiy)
        Middle Persian: [script needed] (carīdan), [script needed] (carag, “pasture, grazing; flock”)
        Persian: چریدن‎ (carīdan, “to graze”)
        
        Tajik: чаридан (čaridan)
        
        Lurish:
        Northern Luri: قۏئلٛ‎ (qöeł, “foot, wheel”)
        nahavandi: قول‎ (qol)
        
        Bakhtiari: گٱل‎ (gal, “foot”)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷelō
  - Latin: colō (see there for further descendants)
*kʷél-ye-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷéľľō
  - Ancient Greek: τέλλω (téllō)
*kʷél-u-s
- Proto-Italic: *kʷélus
  - Latin: colus
*kʷel-u-
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷolu- (“wheel”)
  - Middle Irish: cul
*kʷel-o-m
- Old Prussian: kelan
*kʷól-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷólos
  - Ancient Greek: πόλος (pólos)
    - Greek: πόλος (pólos)
    - → Latin: polus (see there for further descendants)
*kʷl̥H-í-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷalis
  - Ancient Greek: πάλιν (pálin), πᾰ́λῐ (páli)
    - Greek: πάλι (páli)
    - → Coptic: ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ (palin)
*kʷé-kʷl-o-s (reduplicated noun) (see there for further descendants)
*kʷél-os ~ *kʷél-es-os
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélos
  - Ancient Greek: τέλος (télos)
    - Greek: τέλος (télos)
    - → English: telos
    - → English: teleology
*kʷel-es-ye-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷeléyyō
  - Ancient Greek: τελέω (teléō)
*kʷól-os ~ *kʷól-es-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kalas
  - Proto-Slavic: *kolo (see there for further descendants)
*kʷol-so-m
- Proto-Italic: *kʷolsom
  - Latin: collum (see there for further descendants)
*kʷl̥-tó-s
- Proto-Italic: *kʷəltos
  - Latin: cultus (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τῆλε (têle)
  - Ancient Greek: πάλαι (pálai)
  - Ancient Greek: -κόλος (-kólos), -πόλος (-pólos)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: चलति (cálati), चरण (caraṇa), चलन (calana), चालन (cālana), चल (cala)
- Italic:
  - Latin: colōnus (see there for further descendants)
  - Latin: -cola
- Proto-Tocharian: [Term?]
  - Tocharian B: klutk-
- → Proto-Uralic: *kulke- (see there for further descendants)

ReferencesEdit

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “k^u̯elh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 386

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “k^u̯elh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 386

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