ज्ञान

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna), from the root verb ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Doublet of जान (jān).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡjɑːn/, [ɡjä̃ːn̪]

Noun

ज्ञान • (gyān) m (Urdu spelling گیان‎)

1. knowledge

   मुझे इसका कुछ भी ज्ञान नहीं है।

   mujhe iskā kuch bhī gyān nahī̃ hai.

   I have no knowledge of it at all.

   हमारा शिक्षक व्यापक ज्ञान की खान है।

   hamārā śikṣak vyāpak gyān kī khān hai.

   Our professor is a vast storehouse of general knowledge.

   गुरूजी, और ज्ञान बाटो! ― gurūjī, aur gyān bāṭo! ― Oh Guru, please enlighten us with knowledge! (sarcastic)

Declension

Declension of ज्ञान (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ज्ञान gyān	ज्ञान gyān
oblique	ज्ञान gyān	ज्ञानों gyānõ
vocative	ज्ञान gyān	ज्ञानो gyāno

Synonyms

• जानकारी (jānkārī)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “ज्ञान”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna), from the root verb ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Related to जाण (j̈āṇ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪nan/

Noun

ज्ञान • (dnyān) n

1. knowledge

Derived terms

• अज्ञान (adnyān, “ignorance”)
• ज्ञानी (dnyānī, “wise”)
• विज्ञान (vidnyān, “science”)

 

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “ज्ञान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡjän]
• Phonetic Devanagari: ग्यान्

Noun

ज्ञान • (gyān)

1. knowledge, wisdom
2. understanding
3. intelligence

References

• “ज्ञान”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “ज्ञान”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬚ᭄ᬜᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
• জ্ঞান (Assamese script)
• জ্ঞান (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
• જ્ઞાન (Gujarati script)
• ਜੑਞਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦘꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
• ជ្ញាន (Khmer script)
• ಜ್ಞಾನ (Kannada script)
• ຊ຺ຎານ (Lao script)
• ജ്ഞാന (Malayalam script)
• 𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠽᡛᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• ᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• ဇ္ဉာန (Burmese script)
• 𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଜ୍ଞାନ (Oriya script)
• ꢙ꣄ꢛꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
• ජ්ඤාන (Sinhalese script)
• జ్ఞాన (Telugu script)
• ชฺญาน (Thai script)
• ཛྙཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From the root ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”) +‎ -अन (-ana).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɲɑ́ː.nɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

Noun

ज्ञान • (jñāna) n

1. knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (esp.) the higher knowledge (in Buddhism, pure awareness free from conceptual constructs; in Hinduism, true knowledge of the Self's identity with the Ultimate Reality)
2. "knowledge about anything cognizance" (compare ज्ञानतस् (jñānatas) and अज्ञान (ajñāna))

   ज्ञानाद् अज्ञानाद् वा ― jñānād ajñānād vā ― knowingly or ignorantly

3. conscience
4. = ज्ञानेन्द्रिय (jñānendriya)
5. engaging in (+ genitive, e.g. सर्पिषस् (sarpiṣas, “in sacrifice with clarified butter”))
6. name of a shakti

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ज्ञान (jñāna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ज्ञानम् jñānam	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानानि / ज्ञाना¹ jñānāni / jñānā¹
Vocative	ज्ञान jñāna	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानानि / ज्ञाना¹ jñānāni / jñānā¹
Accusative	ज्ञानम् jñānam	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानानि / ज्ञाना¹ jñānāni / jñānā¹
Instrumental	ज्ञानेन jñānena	ज्ञानाभ्याम् jñānābhyām	ज्ञानैः / ज्ञानेभिः¹ jñānaiḥ / jñānebhiḥ¹
Dative	ज्ञानाय jñānāya	ज्ञानाभ्याम् jñānābhyām	ज्ञानेभ्यः jñānebhyaḥ
Ablative	ज्ञानात् jñānāt	ज्ञानाभ्याम् jñānābhyām	ज्ञानेभ्यः jñānebhyaḥ
Genitive	ज्ञानस्य jñānasya	ज्ञानयोः jñānayoḥ	ज्ञानानाम् jñānānām
Locative	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानयोः jñānayoḥ	ज्ञानेषु jñāneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: জ্ঞান (gyan)
• Bengali: জ্ঞান (gên)
• → English: jnana (learned)
• → Gujarati: જ્ઞાન (jñān) (learned)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: ज्ञान (gyān)
  • Urdu: گیان‎
• → Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨ (giāna)
• → Kannada: ಜ್ಞಾನ (jñāna)
• Maharastri Prakrit:
  • Old Marathi: जाण (j̈āṇ)
    • → Marathi: ज्ञान (dnyān)
• → Nepali: ज्ञान (gyān)
• → Old Tamil: 𑀜𑀸𑀷𑀫𑁆 (ñāṉam)
  • Tamil: ஞானம் (ñāṉam)
• Pali: ñāṇa
  • → Burmese: ဉာဏ် (nyan)
  • → Khmer: ញាណ (ñiən)
  • → Thai: ญาณ (yaan)
• Prakrit:
  • Gujarati: જાણ (jāṇ)
  • Hindi: जान (jān)
  • Punjabi: ਜਾਣ (jāṇ)
• → Telugu: జ్ఞానము (jñānamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “ज्ञान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0426.