पठति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

পঠতি (Assamese script)
ᬧᬞᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
পঠতি (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰙𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀞𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ပဌတိ (Burmese script)
પઠતિ (Gujarati script)
ਪਠਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌠𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦜꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂘𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಪಠತಿ (Kannada script)
បឋតិ (Khmer script)
ປຐຕິ (Lao script)
പഠതി (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠᡱᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘙𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᢍᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑦹𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐛𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ପଠତି (Odia script)
ꢦꢝꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆜𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖙𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
පඨති (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩧𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚕𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
பட²தி (Tamil script)
పఠతి (Telugu script)
ปฐติ (Thai script)
པ་ཋ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒚𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨕𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan, whence Pali paṭhati. Probably further from unattested Sanskrit *पृथति (pṛthati, “spreads”), from the root पृथ् (pṛth, “to spread”), with a shift in meaning from "spreading out" of rehearsed text during an oral recitation, and/or because books and scrolls are spread out when they are read. See पठ् (paṭh) for more.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́.ʈʰɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐ.ʈʰɐ.t̪i/

Verb

पठति • (páṭhati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root पठ्)

to read
to read aloud, recite
to study, peruse
to invoke a deity
to cite a book

Conjugation

Present: पठति (páṭhati), पठते (páṭhate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	पठति páṭhati	पठतः páṭhataḥ	पठन्ति páṭhanti	पठते páṭhate	पठेते páṭhete	पठन्ते páṭhante
Second	पठसि páṭhasi	पठथः páṭhathaḥ	पठथ páṭhatha	पठसे páṭhase	पठेथे páṭhethe	पठध्वे páṭhadhve
First	पठामि páṭhāmi	पठावः páṭhāvaḥ	पठामः / पठामसि¹ páṭhāmaḥ / páṭhāmasi¹	पठे páṭhe	पठावहे páṭhāvahe	पठामहे páṭhāmahe
Imperative
Third	पठतु páṭhatu	पठताम् páṭhatām	पठन्तु páṭhantu	पठताम् páṭhatām	पठेताम् páṭhetām	पठन्ताम् páṭhantām
Second	पठ páṭha	पठतम् páṭhatam	पठत páṭhata	पठस्व páṭhasva	पठेथाम् páṭhethām	पठध्वम् páṭhadhvam
First	पठानि páṭhāni	पठाव páṭhāva	पठाम páṭhāma	पठै páṭhai	पठावहै páṭhāvahai	पठामहै páṭhāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	पठेत् páṭhet	पठेताम् páṭhetām	पठेयुः páṭheyuḥ	पठेत páṭheta	पठेयाताम् páṭheyātām	पठेरन् páṭheran
Second	पठेः páṭheḥ	पठेतम् páṭhetam	पठेत páṭheta	पठेथाः páṭhethāḥ	पठेयाथाम् páṭheyāthām	पठेध्वम् páṭhedhvam
First	पठेयम् páṭheyam	पठेव páṭheva	पठेम páṭhema	पठेय páṭheya	पठेवहि páṭhevahi	पठेमहि páṭhemahi
Subjunctive
Third	पठात् / पठाति páṭhāt / páṭhāti	पठातः páṭhātaḥ	पठान् páṭhān	पठाते / पठातै páṭhāte / páṭhātai	पठैते páṭhaite	पठन्त / पठान्तै páṭhanta / páṭhāntai
Second	पठाः / पठासि páṭhāḥ / páṭhāsi	पठाथः páṭhāthaḥ	पठाथ páṭhātha	पठासे / पठासै páṭhāse / páṭhāsai	पठैथे páṭhaithe	पठाध्वै páṭhādhvai
First	पठानि páṭhāni	पठाव páṭhāva	पठाम páṭhāma	पठै páṭhai	पठावहै páṭhāvahai	पठामहै páṭhāmahai
Participles
	पठत् páṭhat			पठमान páṭhamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अपठत् (ápaṭhat), अपठत (ápaṭhata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अपठत् ápaṭhat	अपठताम् ápaṭhatām	अपठन् ápaṭhan	अपठत ápaṭhata	अपठेताम् ápaṭhetām	अपठन्त ápaṭhanta
Second	अपठः ápaṭhaḥ	अपठतम् ápaṭhatam	अपठत ápaṭhata	अपठथाः ápaṭhathāḥ	अपठेथाम् ápaṭhethām	अपठध्वम् ápaṭhadhvam
First	अपठम् ápaṭham	अपठाव ápaṭhāva	अपठाम ápaṭhāma	अपठे ápaṭhe	अपठावहि ápaṭhāvahi	अपठामहि ápaṭhāmahi

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  - Devanagari script: परुन (parun)
  - Arabic script: پَرُن (parun)
Pali: paṭhati
Prakrit: 𑀧𑀠𑀇 (paḍhaï) (see there for further descendants)
→ Malayalam: പഠിക്കുക (paṭhikkuka)
→ Tamil: படி (paṭi)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “पठति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 580/1.
William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 93
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “paṭaurá- - páḍbiśa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 68
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 193
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “páṭhati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press