पर्शु
See also: परशु
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- পৰ্শু (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬃᬰᬸ (Balinese script)
- পর্শু (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰨𑰿𑰫𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀭𑁆𑀰𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- ပရ္ၐု (Burmese script)
- પર્શુ (Gujarati script)
- ਪਰੑਸ਼ੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌰𑍍𑌶𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦂꦯꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂩𑂹𑂬𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಪರ್ಶು (Kannada script)
- បឝ៌ុ (Khmer script)
- ປຣ຺ຨຸ (Lao script)
- പര്ശു (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᡵᡧᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘨𑘿𑘫𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠷᠱᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧈𑧠𑧋𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐱𑐸 (Newa script)
- ପର୍ଶୁ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢬ꣄ꢯꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆫𑇀𑆯𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖨𑖿𑖫𑖲 (Siddham script)
- පර්ශු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩼 𑪙𑩿𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚤𑚶𑚧𑚰 (Takri script)
- பர்ஶு (Tamil script)
- పర్శు (Telugu script)
- ปรฺศุ (Thai script)
- པ་རྴུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒩𑓂𑒬𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨫𑩇𑨮𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *párćuš (“rib”), from Proto-Indo-European *pérḱus. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬎𐬱 (pərəsuš, “rib, side”), Northern Kurdish parsû (“rib”), Ossetian фарс (fars, “side”), Old Church Slavonic прьси (prĭsi, “breast”); see also पृष्टि (pṛṣṭi, “rib”).
In the Rigveda, this word means only "rib", but it came also to mean "sickle" in the later Atharvaveda. This semantic transfer becomes clear when we take into consideration the rib-like shape of the sickle and realize that the rib of a horse was actually sharpened to produce the instrument.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
पर्शु • (párśu) stem, m
- a rib
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.105.8:
- सं मा तपन्त्यभितः सपत्नीरिव पर्शवः ।
मूषो न शिश्ना व्यदन्ति माध्य स्तोतारं ते शतक्रतो वित्तं मे अस्य रोदसी ॥- saṃ mā tapantyabhitaḥ sapatnīriva parśavaḥ .
mūṣo na śiśnā vyadanti mādhya stotāraṃ te śatakrato vittaṃ me asya rodasī . - Like rival wives, on every side, enclosing ribs oppress me sore.
O Śatakratu, biting cares devour me, singer of thy praise, as rats devour the weaver's threads. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.
- saṃ mā tapantyabhitaḥ sapatnīriva parśavaḥ .
- सं मा तपन्त्यभितः सपत्नीरिव पर्शवः ।
- curved knife, sickle
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 12.3.31:
- प्र यच्छ पर्शुं त्वरया हरौसमहिंसन्त ओषधीर्दान्तु पर्वन् ।
यासां सोमः परि राज्यं बभूवामन्युता नो वीरुधो भवन्तु ॥- pra yaccha parśuṃ tvarayā harausamahiṃsanta oṣadhīrdāntu parvan .
yāsāṃ somaḥ pari rājyaṃ babhūvāmanyutā no vīrudho bhavantu . - Present the sickle: quickly bring it hither. Let them out plants and joints with hands that harm not.
So may the plants be free from wrath against us, they o'er whose realm Soma hath won dominion.
- pra yaccha parśuṃ tvarayā harausamahiṃsanta oṣadhīrdāntu parvan .
- प्र यच्छ पर्शुं त्वरया हरौसमहिंसन्त ओषधीर्दान्तु पर्वन् ।
- name of a man
- (in the plural) name of a warrior-tribe
Declension edit
| Masculine u-stem declension of पर्शु (párśu) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पर्शुः párśuḥ |
पर्शू párśū |
पर्शवः párśavaḥ |
| Vocative | पर्शो párśo |
पर्शू párśū |
पर्शवः párśavaḥ |
| Accusative | पर्शुम् párśum |
पर्शू párśū |
पर्शून् párśūn |
| Instrumental | पर्शुना / पर्श्वा¹ párśunā / párśvā¹ |
पर्शुभ्याम् párśubhyām |
पर्शुभिः párśubhiḥ |
| Dative | पर्शवे párśave |
पर्शुभ्याम् párśubhyām |
पर्शुभ्यः párśubhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पर्शोः párśoḥ |
पर्शुभ्याम् párśubhyām |
पर्शुभ्यः párśubhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पर्शोः párśoḥ |
पर्श्वोः párśvoḥ |
पर्शूनाम् párśūnām |
| Locative | पर्शौ párśau |
पर्श्वोः párśvoḥ |
पर्शुषु párśuṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms edit
- पार्श्व (pārśva)
Related terms edit
- पृष्टि (pṛṣṭi)
Descendants edit
- Dardic:
- ⇒ Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀲𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀆 (paṃsuliā)
Noun edit
पर्शु • (párśu) stem, f
- the supporting or side wall of a well
- name of a woman
Declension edit
| Feminine u-stem declension of पर्शु (párśu) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पर्शुः párśuḥ |
पर्शू párśū |
पर्शवः párśavaḥ |
| Vocative | पर्शो párśo |
पर्शू párśū |
पर्शवः párśavaḥ |
| Accusative | पर्शुम् párśum |
पर्शू párśū |
पर्शूः párśūḥ |
| Instrumental | पर्श्वा párśvā |
पर्शुभ्याम् párśubhyām |
पर्शुभिः párśubhiḥ |
| Dative | पर्शवे / पर्श्वै¹ párśave / párśvai¹ |
पर्शुभ्याम् párśubhyām |
पर्शुभ्यः párśubhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पर्शोः / पर्श्वाः¹ / पर्श्वै² párśoḥ / párśvāḥ¹ / párśvai² |
पर्शुभ्याम् párśubhyām |
पर्शुभ्यः párśubhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पर्शोः / पर्श्वाः¹ / पर्श्वै² párśoḥ / párśvāḥ¹ / párśvai² |
पर्श्वोः párśvoḥ |
पर्शूनाम् párśūnām |
| Locative | पर्शौ / पर्श्वाम्¹ párśau / párśvām¹ |
पर्श्वोः párśvoḥ |
पर्शुषु párśuṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “पर्शु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 609/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 100-101
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “párśu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 448