विवाह

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha). Doublet of ब्याह (byāh).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋɪ.ʋɑːɦ/, [ʋɪ.ʋäːʱ]

Noun

विवाह • (vivāh) m (Urdu spelling وواہ)

1. marriage, wedding

   Synonyms: शादी (śādī), ब्याह (byāh), लग्न (lagna)

   इस विवाह ने दोनों परिवारों को जोड़ दिया है।

   is vivāh ne donõ parivārõ ko joṛ diyā hai.

   This marriage has united the two families.

   आँधी की वजह से, मेरा विवाह स्थगित हो गया।

   āndhī kī vajah se, merā vivāh sthagit ho gayā.

   Because of the storm, my wedding was postponed.

Declension

Declension of विवाह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	विवाह vivāh	विवाह vivāh
oblique	विवाह vivāh	विवाहों vivāhõ
vocative	विवाह vivāh	विवाहो vivāho

Derived terms

• अनुलोम-विवाह (anulom-vivāh)
• प्रतिलोम-विवाह (pratilom-vivāh)
• प्रीति-विवाह (prīti-vivāh)
• बहुविवाह (bahuvivāh)
• बाल-विवाह (bāl-vivāh)
• विधवा-विवाह (vidhvā-vivāh)
• विवाह करना (vivāh karnā)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “विवाह”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “विवाह”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘪𑘹𑘌 (veo), 𑘪𑘲𑘪𑘿𑘮𑘰 (vīvhā) and 𑘪𑘲𑘪𑘰𑘌 (vīvāo).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋi.ʋaɦ/, [ʋi.ʋʱa]

Noun

विवाह • (vivāh) m

1. wedding
2. marriage

Declension

Declension of विवाह (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	विवाह vivāh
direct plural	विवाह vivāh
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	विवाह vivāh		विवाह vivāh
oblique सामान्यरूप	विवाहा vivāhā		विवाहां- vivāhān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	विवाहाला vivāhālā		विवाहांना vivāhānnā
ergative	विवाहाने, विवाहानं vivāhāne, vivāhāna		विवाहांनी vivāhānnī
instrumental	विवाहाशी vivāhāśī		विवाहांशी vivāhānśī
locative सप्तमी	विवाहात vivāhāt		विवाहांत vivāhāt
vocative संबोधन	विवाहा vivāhā		विवाहांनो vivāhānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of विवाह (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	विवाहाचा vivāhāċā	विवाहाचे vivāhāċe	विवाहाची vivāhācī	विवाहाच्या vivāhācā	विवाहाचे, विवाहाचं vivāhāċe, vivāhāċa	विवाहाची vivāhācī	विवाहाच्या vivāhācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	विवाहांचा vivāhānċā	विवाहांचे vivāhānċe	विवाहांची vivāhāñcī	विवाहांच्या vivāhāncā	विवाहांचे, विवाहांचं vivāhānċe, vivāhānċa	विवाहांची vivāhāñcī	विवाहांच्या vivāhāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Synonyms

• लग्न (lagna)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “विवाह”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “वेओ”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “विवाओ”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “विव्हा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bibä̤ː]
• Phonetic Devanagari: बिबाः

Noun

विवाह • (vivāha)

1. marriage, wedding

   Synonyms: बिहा (bihā), बिहे (bihe)

Derived terms

• बहुविवाह (bahuvivāha)
• बाल-विवाह (bāl-vivāha)
• विधवा-विवाह (vidhawā-vivāha)
• विवाह गर्नु (vivāha garnu)

References

• “विवाह”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱিৱাহ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬶᬯᬵᬳ (Balinese script)
• বিবাহ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰰𑰪𑰯𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• ဝိဝါဟ (Burmese script)
• વિવાહ (Gujarati script)
• ਵਿਵਾਹ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌿𑌵𑌾𑌹 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦶꦮꦴꦲ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂱𑂫𑂰𑂯 (Kaithi script)
• ವಿವಾಹ (Kannada script)
• វិវាហ (Khmer script)
• ວິວາຫ (Lao script)
• വിവാഹ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘱𑘪𑘰𑘮 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠸᠠᢗᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧒𑧊𑧑𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐴 (Newa script)
• ଵିଵାହ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢶꢮꢵꢲ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆴𑆮𑆳𑆲 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖰𑖪𑖯𑖮 (Siddham script)
• විවාහ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑩾𑩛𑪂 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚮𑚦𑚭𑚩 (Takri script)
• விவாஹ (Tamil script)
• వివాహ (Telugu script)
• วิวาห (Thai script)
• ཝི་ཝཱ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒱𑒫𑒰𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨭𑨊𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wí

Sanskrit वि- (vi-)

Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *waȷ́ʰ-

Sanskrit वह् (vah)

Sanskrit वाह (vāha)

Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha)

From वि- (vi-, “away”) +‎ वाह (vāha, “taking, carrying”), literally “leading away [the bride]”.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋi.ʋɑː.ɦɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋi.ʋɑː.ɦɐ/

Noun

विवाह • (vivāhá) stem, m (root विवह्)

1. marriage; marriage with (with instrumental case, with or without सह (saha))
2. vehicle

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of विवाह

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	विवाहः (vivāháḥ)	विवाहौ (vivāhaú) विवाहा¹ (vivāhā́¹)	विवाहाः (vivāhā́ḥ) विवाहासः¹ (vivāhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	विवाहम् (vivāhám)	विवाहौ (vivāhaú) विवाहा¹ (vivāhā́¹)	विवाहान् (vivāhā́n)
instrumental	विवाहेन (vivāhéna)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhā́bhyām)	विवाहैः (vivāhaíḥ) विवाहेभिः¹ (vivāhébhiḥ¹)
dative	विवाहाय (vivāhā́ya)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhā́bhyām)	विवाहेभ्यः (vivāhébhyaḥ)
ablative	विवाहात् (vivāhā́t)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhā́bhyām)	विवाहेभ्यः (vivāhébhyaḥ)
genitive	विवाहस्य (vivāhásya)	विवाहयोः (vivāháyoḥ)	विवाहानाम् (vivāhā́nām)
locative	विवाहे (vivāhé)	विवाहयोः (vivāháyoḥ)	विवाहेषु (vivāhéṣu)
vocative	विवाह (vívāha)	विवाहौ (vívāhau) विवाहा¹ (vívāhā¹)	विवाहाः (vívāhāḥ) विवाहासः¹ (vívāhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳 (vivāha) (see there for further descendants)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: विवाह (vivāh)

  Urdu: وِواہ (vivāh)

• → Kannada: ವಿವಾಹ (vivāha)
• → Lao: ວິວາຫະ (wi wā ha)
• → Malayalam: വിവാഹം (vivāhaṁ)
• → Marathi: विवाह (vivāh)
• → Nepali: विवाह (vivāha)
• → Old Javanese: wiwāha (see there for further descendants)
• → Tamil: விவாகம் (vivākam), விவாஹம் (vivāham)
• → Telugu: వివాహము (vivāhamu)
• → Thai: วิวาห์ (wí-waa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “Vi-vāhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 987, column 2.