शकृत्

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

শকৃত্ (Assamese script)
ᬰᬓᬺᬢ᭄ (Balinese script)
শকৃত্ (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰎𑰴𑰝𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀓𑀾𑀢𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ၐကၖတ် (Burmese script)
શકૃત્ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ਕ੍ਰਤ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑌕𑍃𑌤𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦏꦽꦠ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂍𑃂𑂞𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಶಕೃತ್ (Kannada script)
ឝក្ឫត៑ (Khmer script)
ຨກ຺ຣິຕ຺ (Lao script)
ശകൃത് (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠠᡬᡵᡳᢠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘎𑘵𑘝𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠱᠠᢉᠷᠢᢐ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑦮𑧖𑦽𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐎𑐺𑐟𑑂 (Newa script)
ଶକୃତ୍ (Odia script)
ꢯꢒꢺꢡ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆑𑆸𑆠𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖎𑖴𑖝𑖿 (Siddham script)
ශකෘත් (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩜𑩙𑩫 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚊𑚙𑚶 (Takri script)
ஶக்ரித் (Tamil script)
శకృత్ (Telugu script)
ศกฺฤตฺ (Thai script)
ཤ་ཀྲྀ་ཏ྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒏𑒵𑒞𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨋𑨼𑨉𑨙𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćák-r̥ ~ *ćak-ná-s (“dung, excrement”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷ-r̥ ~ *ḱekʷ-én-s (“dung, excrement”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κόπρος (kópros, “excrement”), Baluchi (saġan, “dung”). Also compare English copro-, a borrowing from Ancient Greek. There was a wide variety of alternative forms of the term in Old and Middle Indo-Aryan (see below), possibly due to taboo distortion.

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́.kr̩t/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.kr̩t̪/

Noun edit

शकृत् • (śákṛt) stem, n

dung, excrement, faeces, manure, (especially) cowdung
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.161.10:
  श्रोणामेक उदकं गामवाजति मांसमेकः पिंशति सूनयाभृतम् ।
  आ निम्रुचः शकृद्एको अपाभरत्...
  śroṇāmeka udakaṃ gāmavājati māṃsamekaḥ piṃśati sūnayābhṛtam .
  ā nimrucaḥ śakṛdeko apābharat...
  One of them leads the crippled cow to the water, another trims the flesh brought on the carving-board
  Another one carried off the dung till evening...
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 37.9:
  अश्वस्य त्वा वृष्णः शक्ना धूपयामि देवयजने पृथिव्याः ।
  aśvasya tvā vṛṣṇaḥ śaknā dhūpayāmi devayajane pṛthivyāḥ .
  I fumigate thee with stallion's dung on the place of worship.

Declension edit

Declension of शकृत्
Nom. sg.	शकृत् (śakṛt)
Gen. sg.	शक्नः (śaknaḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शकृत् (śakṛt)	—	—
Vocative	—	—	—
Accusative	शकृत् (śakṛt)	—	शकृतः (śakṛtaḥ)
Instrumental	शक्ना/शकृता (śaknā/śakṛtā)	—	शकभिः (śakabhiḥ)
Dative	—	—	—
Ablative	—	—	—
Genitive	शक्नः (śaknaḥ)	—	—
Locative	—	—	—

Derived terms edit

शक (śáka) ~ *छक (chaka)
- Prakrit: 𑀙𑀕 (chaga)
*शकन ~ *छकन (śakana ~ chakana)
- Pali: chakana, chakaṇa
- Prakrit: 𑀙𑀓𑀡 (chakaṇa), 𑀙𑀕𑀡 (chagaṇa), 𑀙𑀸𑀡 (chāṇa), 𑀙𑀸𑀡𑀻 (chāṇī)
  - Northwestern:
    - Sindhi: cheṇu, cheṇo
      Arabic script: ڇيڻُ, ڇيڻو
      Devanagari script: छेणु, छेणो
      Khudawadi script: 𑋁𑋥𑋌𑋣, 𑋁𑋥𑋌𑋧
  - Southern:
    - Konkani: śeṇ
      Devanagari script: शेण
      Kannada script: ಶೇಣ್
      Latin script: xenn
    - Old Marathi:
      Devanagari script: शेणी (śeṇī), सेण (seṇa), सेणि (seṇi), सेणी (seṇī), सेन (sena), सेनी (senī)
      Modi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘜𑘲 (śeṇī), 𑘭𑘹𑘜 (seṇa), 𑘭𑘹𑘜𑘲 (seṇī), 𑘭𑘹𑘡 (sena), 𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘲 (senī)
      - Marathi: śeṇ
        Devanagari script: शेण
        Modi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘜
      - Varhadi: śen
        Devanagari script: शेन
        Modi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘡
  - Western:
    - Ahirani: शेन (śen)
    - Middle Gujarati: छाण(-आवलि) (< 𑀙𑀸𑀡 (chāṇa), 𑀙𑀸𑀡𑀻 (chāṇī))
      - Gujarati: છાણ (chāṇ)
    - Marwari:
      Devanagari script: छगण (chagaṇ)
      Mahajani script: 𑅚𑅗𑅢 (chgṇ)
*शकर ~ *छकर (śakara ~ chakara)
- Gujarati: છેર (cher, “diarrhoea”)
- Kumaoni: छेरो (chero, “watery stool”)
- Marathi: शेर (śer, “bird dung”)
- Nepali: छेर (chera, “diarrhoea”)
- Odia: ଛେରା (chera, “watery stools”)
- Punjabi: ਸਾਰ (sār, “manure”)
- ⇒ Gujarati: છેરવું (chervũ, “to have diarrhoea”)
- ⇒ Hindi: छेरना (chernā, “to have bad digestion”)
- ⇒ Lahnda: سروڑ (sarūṛ, “stack of dried cowdung”) (< *śakara-kūṭa)
- ⇒ Nepali: छेर्नु (chernu, “to have diarrhoea”)