सुभग

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सुभग (subhaga).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /sʊ.bʱəɡ/, [sʊ.bʱɐɡ]

Adjective

सुभग • (subhag) (indeclinable)

1. fortunate; blessed
   • 1963, Baldev Upadhyaya, भारतीय वाङ्मय में श्रीराधा [Shri Radha in Indian literature]‎^[1], page 242:

     मेरी धन्यता तो उस व्यक्ति के सुभग भाग्य से तुलना की जा सकती है, जो केवल मुट्ठी-भर चने के लिए इधर-उधर घूमता हो, परन्तु उसे आगे ही पड़ी सोने की वृष्टि मिल जा[ये]।

     merī dhanyatā to us vyakti ke subhag bhāgya se tulnā kī jā saktī hai, jo keval muṭṭhī-bhar cane ke lie idhar-udhar ghūmtā ho, parantu use āge hī paṛī sone kī vŕṣṭi mil jā[ye].

     My good fortune can be compared with the blessed fortune of that person who roams around only for a handful of grams but finds a pile of gold right in front of him.

2. auspicious; beautiful; lovely
   • 2001, Kiran Kumari, वैदिक साहित्य और संस्कृति‎^[2], New Bharatiya Book Corporation, page 178:

     वायु देवता का उल्लेख ऋग्वेद में हुआ है। वह सुभग था, आकाश को स्पर्श करता था तथा उसके सहस्र नेत्र थे।

     vāyu devtā kā ullekh ŕgved mẽ huā hai. vah subhag thā, ākāś ko sparś kartā thā tathā uske sahasra netra the.

     The Wind God is mentioned in the Rigveda. He was beautiful, he touched the sky and had a thousand eyes.

   • 2007, Ganga Prasad Pandey, महीयसी महादेवी, Lokbharti Prakashan, →ISBN, page 170:

     दृगों में छिपा अश्रु का हार,
     सुभग है तेरा ही उपहार।

     dŕgõ mẽ chipā aśru kā hār,
     subhag hai terā hī uphār.

     Hidden in the eyes is a garland of tears;
     lovely is only your gift.

Further reading

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सुभग”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1028
• Gopinath Shrivastava (2009) “सुभग”, in राजपाल हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी थेसारस [Rajpal Hindi-English thesaurus], Rajpal & Sons, →ISBN, page 151

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• subhaga (Latin script)
• 𑀲𑀼𑀪𑀕 (Brahmi script)
• সুভগ (Bengali script)
• සුභග (Sinhalese script)
• သုဘဂ or သုꧤၷ (Burmese script)
• สุภค or สุภะคะ (Thai script)
• ᩈᩩᨽᨣ (Tai Tham script)
• ສຸຠຄ or ສຸຠະຄະ (Lao script)
• សុភគ (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄪𑄞𑄉 (Chakma script)

Adjective

सुभग

1. Devanagari script form of subhaga

Declension

Declension table of "सुभग" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुभगो (subhago)	सुभगा (subhagā)
Accusative (second)	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगे (subhage)
Instrumental (third)	सुभगेन (subhagena)	सुभगेहि (subhagehi) or सुभगेभि (subhagebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुभगस्स (subhagassa) or सुभगाय (subhagāya) or सुभगत्थं (subhagatthaṃ)	सुभगानं (subhagānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुभगस्मा (subhagasmā) or सुभगम्हा (subhagamhā) or सुभगा (subhagā)	सुभगेहि (subhagehi) or सुभगेभि (subhagebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुभगस्स (subhagassa)	सुभगानं (subhagānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुभगस्मिं (subhagasmiṃ) or सुभगम्हि (subhagamhi) or सुभगे (subhage)	सुभगेसु (subhagesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुभग (subhaga)	सुभगा (subhagā)

Declension table of "सुभगा" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुभगा (subhagā)	सुभगायो (subhagāyo) or सुभगा (subhagā)
Accusative (second)	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगायो (subhagāyo) or सुभगा (subhagā)
Instrumental (third)	सुभगाय (subhagāya)	सुभगाहि (subhagāhi) or सुभगाभि (subhagābhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुभगाय (subhagāya)	सुभगानं (subhagānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुभगाय (subhagāya)	सुभगाहि (subhagāhi) or सुभगाभि (subhagābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुभगाय (subhagāya)	सुभगानं (subhagānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुभगाय (subhagāya) or सुभगायं (subhagāyaṃ)	सुभगासु (subhagāsu)
Vocative (calling)	सुभगे (subhage)	सुभगायो (subhagāyo) or सुभगा (subhagā)

Declension table of "सुभग" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगानि (subhagāni)
Accusative (second)	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगानि (subhagāni)
Instrumental (third)	सुभगेन (subhagena)	सुभगेहि (subhagehi) or सुभगेभि (subhagebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुभगस्स (subhagassa) or सुभगाय (subhagāya) or सुभगत्थं (subhagatthaṃ)	सुभगानं (subhagānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुभगस्मा (subhagasmā) or सुभगम्हा (subhagamhā) or सुभगा (subhagā)	सुभगेहि (subhagehi) or सुभगेभि (subhagebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुभगस्स (subhagassa)	सुभगानं (subhagānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुभगस्मिं (subhagasmiṃ) or सुभगम्हि (subhagamhi) or सुभगे (subhage)	सुभगेसु (subhagesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुभग (subhaga)	सुभगानि (subhagāni)

Prakrit

Adjective

सुभग (subhaga)

1. Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀼𑀪𑀕

Declension

Maharastri declension of सुभग (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	सुभगो (subhago)	सुभगा (subhagā)
Accusative	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगे (subhage) or सुभगा (subhagā)
Instrumental	सुभगेण (subhageṇa) or सुभगेणं (subhageṇaṃ)	सुभगेहि (subhagehi) or सुभगेहिं (subhagehiṃ)
Dative	सुभगाअ (subhagāa)	—
Ablative	सुभगाओ (subhagāo) or सुभगाउ (subhagāu) or सुभगा (subhagā) or सुभगाहि (subhagāhi) or सुभगाहिंतो (subhagāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	सुभगस्स (subhagassa)	सुभगाण (subhagāṇa) or सुभगाणं (subhagāṇaṃ)
Locative	सुभगम्मि (subhagammi) or सुभगे (subhage)	सुभगेसु (subhagesu) or सुभगेसुं (subhagesuṃ)
Vocative	सुभग (subhaga) or सुभगा (subhagā)	सुभगा (subhagā)

Maharastri declension of सुभगा (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	सुभगा (subhagā)	सुभगाओ (subhagāo) or सुभगाउ (subhagāu) or सुभगा (subhagā)
Accusative	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगाओ (subhagāo) or सुभगाउ (subhagāu) or सुभगा (subhagā)
Instrumental	सुभगाए (subhagāe) or सुभगाइ (subhagāi) or सुभगाअ (subhagāa)	सुभगाहि (subhagāhi) or सुभगाहिं (subhagāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	सुभगाओ (subhagāo) or सुभगाउ (subhagāu)	सुभगाहिंतो (subhagāhiṃto)
Genitive	सुभगाए (subhagāe) or सुभगाइ (subhagāi) or सुभगाअ (subhagāa)	सुभगाण (subhagāṇa) or सुभगाणं (subhagāṇaṃ)
Locative	सुभगाए (subhagāe) or सुभगाइ (subhagāi) or सुभगाअ (subhagāa)	सुभगासु (subhagāsu) or सुभगासुं (subhagāsuṃ)
Vocative	सुभगे (subhage) or सुभगा (subhagā)	सुभगाओ (subhagāo) or सुभगाउ (subhagāu) or सुभगा (subhagā)

Maharastri declension of सुभग (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगाइं (subhagāiṃ) or सुभगाइ (subhagāi)
Accusative	सुभगं (subhagaṃ)	सुभगाइं (subhagāiṃ) or सुभगाइ (subhagāi)
Instrumental	सुभगेण (subhageṇa) or सुभगेणं (subhageṇaṃ)	सुभगेहि (subhagehi) or सुभगेहिं (subhagehiṃ)
Dative	सुभगाअ (subhagāa)	—
Ablative	सुभगाओ (subhagāo) or सुभगाउ (subhagāu) or सुभगा (subhagā) or सुभगाहि (subhagāhi) or सुभगाहिंतो (subhagāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	सुभगस्स (subhagassa)	सुभगाण (subhagāṇa) or सुभगाणं (subhagāṇaṃ)
Locative	सुभगम्मि (subhagammi) or सुभगे (subhage)	सुभगेसु (subhagesu) or सुभगेसुं (subhagesuṃ)
Vocative	सुभग (subhaga) or सुभगा (subhagā)	सुभगाइं (subhagāiṃ) or सुभगाइ (subhagāi)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সুভগ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬸᬪᬕ (Balinese script)
• সুভগ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰲𑰥𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀼𑀪𑀕 (Brahmi script)
• သုဘဂ (Burmese script)
• સુભગ (Gujarati script)
• ਸੁਭਗ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍁𑌭𑌗 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦸꦨꦒ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂳𑂦𑂏 (Kaithi script)
• ಸುಭಗ (Kannada script)
• សុភគ (Khmer script)
• ສຸຠຄ (Lao script)
• സുഭഗ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡠᢨᠠᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘳𑘥𑘐 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠤᠪᠾᠠᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧔𑧅𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐸𑐨𑐐 (Newa script)
• ସୁଭଗ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢸꢩꢔ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆶𑆨𑆓 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖲𑖥𑖐 (Siddham script)
• සුභග (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩒𑩳𑩞 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚰𑚡𑚌 (Takri script)
• ஸுப⁴க³ (Tamil script)
• సుభగ (Telugu script)
• สุภค (Thai script)
• སུ་བྷ་ག (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒳𑒦𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨃𑨡𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From सु- (su-) +‎ भग (bhága, “good fortune”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /su.bʱɐ́.ɡɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪u.bʱɐ.ɡɐ/

Adjective

सुभग • (subhága) stem

1. fortunate, lucky; blessed; happy
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.86.11:

     इन्द्राणीमासु नारिषु सुभगाम्अहमश्रवम् ।
     नह्यस्या अपरं चन जरसा मरते पतिर्विश्वस्मादिन्द्र उत्तरः ॥

     indrāṇīmāsu nāriṣu subhagāmahamaśravam .
     nahyasyā aparaṃ cana jarasā marate patirviśvasmādindra uttaraḥ .

     I have heard that Indrani is the [most] fortunate among these women, for her husband Indra, who is above all, does not die of old age like any other.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.36.3:

     इयमग्ने नारी पतिं विदेष्ट सोमो हि राजा सुभगां कृणोति ।
     सुवाना पुत्रान् महिषी भवाति गत्वा पतिं सुभगा वि राजतु ॥

     iyamagne nārī patiṃ videṣṭa somo hi rājā subhagāṃ kṛṇoti .
     suvānā putrān mahiṣī bhavāti gatvā patiṃ subhagā vi rājatu .

     O Agni, may this woman find a husband. Then verily King Soma makes her happy.
     May she bear sons, chief lady of the household, blessed and bearing rule beside her consort.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 12.268.35.1:

     स एव सुभगो भूत्वा पुनर्भवति दुर्भगः ।

     sa eva subhago bhūtvā punarbhavati durbhagaḥ .

     He only again becomes unfortunate, after being fortunate.

2. pleasant; beautiful; auspicious; lovely; charming; liked; dear (often in vocative)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.48.7.2:

     शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान् ॥

     śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhagoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān .

     By a hundred chariots, she, lovely Ushas, advances on her way to humans.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.9.11.1:

     घृतं प्रोक्षन्ती सुभगा देवी देवान् गमिष्यति ।

     ghṛtaṃ prokṣantī subhagā devī devān gamiṣyati .

     Sprinkling down ghee, the lovely Devi will go to the Devas.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3.195.12:

     तामब्रवीद्राजा
     कस्यासि सुभगे त्वमिति ॥

     tāmabravīdrājā
     kasyāsi subhage tvamiti .

     The king said to her:
     O pleasant [one], are you a maiden?

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुभग (subhága)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुभगः subhágaḥ	सुभगौ / सुभगा¹ subhágau / subhágā¹	सुभगाः / सुभगासः¹ subhágāḥ / subhágāsaḥ¹
Vocative	सुभग súbhaga	सुभगौ / सुभगा¹ súbhagau / súbhagā¹	सुभगाः / सुभगासः¹ súbhagāḥ / súbhagāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सुभगम् subhágam	सुभगौ / सुभगा¹ subhágau / subhágā¹	सुभगान् subhágān
Instrumental	सुभगेन subhágena	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगैः / सुभगेभिः¹ subhágaiḥ / subhágebhiḥ¹
Dative	सुभगाय subhágāya	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगेभ्यः subhágebhyaḥ
Ablative	सुभगात् subhágāt	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगेभ्यः subhágebhyaḥ
Genitive	सुभगस्य subhágasya	सुभगयोः subhágayoḥ	सुभगानाम् subhágānām
Locative	सुभगे subháge	सुभगयोः subhágayoḥ	सुभगेषु subhágeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of सुभगा (subhágā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुभगा subhágā	सुभगे subháge	सुभगाः subhágāḥ
Vocative	सुभगे súbhage	सुभगे súbhage	सुभगाः súbhagāḥ
Accusative	सुभगाम् subhágām	सुभगे subháge	सुभगाः subhágāḥ
Instrumental	सुभगया / सुभगा¹ subhágayā / subhágā¹	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगाभिः subhágābhiḥ
Dative	सुभगायै subhágāyai	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगाभ्यः subhágābhyaḥ
Ablative	सुभगायाः / सुभगायै² subhágāyāḥ / subhágāyai²	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगाभ्यः subhágābhyaḥ
Genitive	सुभगायाः / सुभगायै² subhágāyāḥ / subhágāyai²	सुभगयोः subhágayoḥ	सुभगानाम् subhágānām
Locative	सुभगायाम् subhágāyām	सुभगयोः subhágayoḥ	सुभगासु subhágāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of सुभग (subhága)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुभगम् subhágam	सुभगे subháge	सुभगानि / सुभगा¹ subhágāni / subhágā¹
Vocative	सुभग súbhaga	सुभगे súbhage	सुभगानि / सुभगा¹ súbhagāni / súbhagā¹
Accusative	सुभगम् subhágam	सुभगे subháge	सुभगानि / सुभगा¹ subhágāni / subhágā¹
Instrumental	सुभगेन subhágena	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगैः / सुभगेभिः¹ subhágaiḥ / subhágebhiḥ¹
Dative	सुभगाय subhágāya	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगेभ्यः subhágebhyaḥ
Ablative	सुभगात् subhágāt	सुभगाभ्याम् subhágābhyām	सुभगेभ्यः subhágebhyaḥ
Genitive	सुभगस्य subhágasya	सुभगयोः subhágayoḥ	सुभगानाम् subhágānām
Locative	सुभगे subháge	सुभगयोः subhágayoḥ	सुभगेषु subhágeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: subhaga
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀪𑀕 (subhaga), 𑀲𑀼𑀳𑀬 (suhaya)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “सुभग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1229.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “subhaga”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “सुभग”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1691
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “सुभग”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 354
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “subhaga”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 778