ḥꜥḏꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɑːd͡ʒɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: hadja

Verb

 4-lit.

1. (transitive) to rob (someone)
2. (transitive) to plunder (something) away, to steal

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥꜥḏꜣ (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: ḥꜥḏꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣt	ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥr ḥꜥḏꜣ	m ḥꜥḏꜣ	r ḥꜥḏꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḥꜥḏꜣ.n	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	consecutive	ḥꜥḏꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḥꜥḏꜣt
perfective3	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḥꜥḏꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	potentialis1	ḥꜥḏꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥꜥḏꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣw5, ḥꜥḏꜣy5
imperfective	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣy, ḥꜥḏꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣj6, ḥꜥḏꜣy6	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣw5
prospective	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣtj7	—	ḥꜥḏꜣwtj1 4, ḥꜥḏꜣtj4, ḥꜥḏꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜥḏꜣ  

ḥꜥḏꜣ

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥꜥḏ
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱϫ (hōč)
  • ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ (hočheč)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 43.16–43.18
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 164