ἀφρός

See also: αφρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Formally derived from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós (“rain-cloud, rain, cloud”), with cognates including Sanskrit अभ्र (abhrá), Old Armenian ամբ (amb), Latin imber. However, Beekes and Frisk argue that the semantic mismatch does not justify this derivation. See also possibly related but also problematic ὄμβρος (ómbros, “rain-water; thunder-storm”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.pʰrós/ → /aˈɸros/ → /aˈfros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.pʰrós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈpʰros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈɸros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈfros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈfros/

Noun

ἀφρός • (aphrós) m (genitive ἀφροῦ); second declension

1. foam, of the sea
2. (of persons and animals) foam, slaver, froth

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἀφρός; τοῦ ἀφροῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἀφρός ho aphrós	τὼ ἀφρώ tṑ aphrṓ	οἱ ἀφροί hoi aphroí
Genitive	τοῦ ἀφροῦ toû aphroû	τοῖν ἀφροῖν toîn aphroîn	τῶν ἀφρῶν tôn aphrôn
Dative	τῷ ἀφρῷ tôi aphrôi	τοῖν ἀφροῖν toîn aphroîn	τοῖς ἀφροῖς toîs aphroîs
Accusative	τὸν ἀφρόν tòn aphrón	τὼ ἀφρώ tṑ aphrṓ	τοὺς ἀφρούς toùs aphroús
Vocative	ἀφρέ aphré	ἀφρώ aphrṓ	ἀφροί aphroí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: αφρός (afrós)

References

• “ἀφρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀφρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀφρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀφρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀφρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀφρός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G876 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bubbling idem, page 102.
  • effervescence idem, page 262.
  • exhalation idem, page 291.
  • foam idem, page 331.
  • froth idem, page 347.
  • scum idem, page 743.
  • spray idem, page 805.
  • surf idem, page 843.