ἡβάω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἀβάω (abáō) — Aeolic
• ἡβίω (hēbíō) — Cretan

Etymology

From ἥβη (hḗbē, “youth; vigor; pubes”) +‎ -ᾰ́ω (-áō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛː.bá.ɔː/ → /iˈβa.o/ → /iˈva.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛː.bá.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)e̝ˈba.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈβa.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈva.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈva.o/

Verb

ἡβᾰ́ω • (hēbáō)

1. to be in the prime of youth, adolescence; to be young
2. to be pubescent, attain the age of puberty; reach adulthood; grow up into a mature young adult
3. (figurative) to be fresh, vigorous, youthful, like an adolescent; possess the energy and vigor characteristic of a passionate young man

Inflection

   Present: ἡβᾰ́ω, ἡβᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἡβᾰ́ω	ἡβᾰ́εις	ἡβᾰ́ει	ἡβᾰ́ετον	ἡβᾰ́ετον	ἡβᾰ́ομεν	ἡβᾰ́ετε	ἡβᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἡβᾰ́ω	ἡβᾰ́ῃς	ἡβᾰ́ῃ	ἡβᾰ́ητον	ἡβᾰ́ητον	ἡβᾰ́ωμεν	ἡβᾰ́ητε	ἡβᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβᾰ́οιμῐ	ἡβᾰ́οις	ἡβᾰ́οι	ἡβᾰ́οιτον	ἡβᾰοίτην	ἡβᾰ́οιμεν	ἡβᾰ́οιτε	ἡβᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		ἥβᾰε	ἡβᾰέτω	ἡβᾰ́ετον	ἡβᾰέτων		ἡβᾰ́ετε	ἡβᾰόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἡβᾰ́ομαι	ἡβᾰ́ῃ, ἡβᾰ́ει	ἡβᾰ́εται	ἡβᾰ́εσθον	ἡβᾰ́εσθον	ἡβᾰόμεθᾰ	ἡβᾰ́εσθε	ἡβᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἡβᾰ́ωμαι	ἡβᾰ́ῃ	ἡβᾰ́ηται	ἡβᾰ́ησθον	ἡβᾰ́ησθον	ἡβᾰώμεθᾰ	ἡβᾰ́ησθε	ἡβᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ἡβᾰοίμην	ἡβᾰ́οιο	ἡβᾰ́οιτο	ἡβᾰ́οισθον	ἡβᾰοίσθην	ἡβᾰοίμεθᾰ	ἡβᾰ́οισθε	ἡβᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		ἡβᾰ́ου	ἡβᾰέσθω	ἡβᾰ́εσθον	ἡβᾰέσθων		ἡβᾰ́εσθε	ἡβᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἡβᾰ́ειν				ἡβᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἡβᾰ́ων				ἡβᾰόμενος
	f	ἡβᾰ́ουσᾰ				ἡβᾰομένη
	n	ἡβᾰ́ον				ἡβᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: ἡβῶ, ἡβῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἡβῶ	ἡβᾷς	ἡβᾷ	ἡβᾶτον	ἡβᾶτον	ἡβῶμεν	ἡβᾶτε	ἡβῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἡβῶ	ἡβᾷς	ἡβᾷ	ἡβᾶτον	ἡβᾶτον	ἡβῶμεν	ἡβᾶτε	ἡβῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβῴην, ἡβῷμῐ	ἡβῴης, ἡβῷς	ἡβῴη, ἡβῷ	ἡβῷτον, ἡβῴητον	ἡβῴτην, ἡβῳήτην	ἡβῷμεν, ἡβῴημεν	ἡβῷτε, ἡβῴητε	ἡβῷεν, ἡβῴησᾰν
	imperative		ἥβᾱ	ἡβᾱ́τω	ἡβᾶτον	ἡβᾱ́των		ἡβᾶτε	ἡβώντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἡβῶμαι	ἡβᾷ	ἡβᾶται	ἡβᾶσθον	ἡβᾶσθον	ἡβώμεθᾰ	ἡβᾶσθε	ἡβῶνται
	subjunctive	ἡβῶμαι	ἡβᾷ	ἡβᾶται	ἡβᾶσθον	ἡβᾶσθον	ἡβώμεθᾰ	ἡβᾶσθε	ἡβῶνται
	optative	ἡβῴμην	ἡβῷο	ἡβῷτο	ἡβῷσθον	ἡβῴσθην	ἡβῴμεθᾰ	ἡβῷσθε	ἡβῷντο
	imperative		ἡβῶ	ἡβᾱ́σθω	ἡβᾶσθον	ἡβᾱ́σθων		ἡβᾶσθε	ἡβᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἡβᾶν				ἡβᾶσθαι
participle	m	ἡβῶν				ἡβώμενος
	f	ἡβῶσᾰ				ἡβωμένη
	n	ἡβῶν				ἡβώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: ἡβώω, ἡβώομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἡβώω	ἡβώεις	ἡβώει	ἡβώετον	ἡβώετον	ἡβώομεν	ἡβώετε	ἡβώουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἡβώω, ἡβώωμῐ	ἡβώῃς, ἡβώῃσθᾰ	ἡβώῃ, ἡβώῃσῐ	ἡβώητον	ἡβώητον	ἡβώωμεν	ἡβώητε	ἡβώωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβώοιμῐ	ἡβώοισ(θᾰ)	ἡβώοι	ἡβώοιτον	ἡβωοίτην	ἡβώοιμεν	ἡβώοιτε	ἡβώοιεν
	imperative		ἥβωε	ἡβωέτω	ἡβώετον	ἡβωέτων		ἡβώετε	ἡβωόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἡβώομαι	ἡβώεαι	ἡβώεται	ἡβώεσθον	ἡβώεσθον	ἡβωόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἡβώεσθε	ἡβώονται
	subjunctive	ἡβώωμαι	ἡβώηαι	ἡβώηται	ἡβώησθον	ἡβώησθον	ἡβωώμε(σ)θᾰ	ἡβώησθε	ἡβώωνται
	optative	ἡβωοίμην	ἡβώοιο	ἡβώοιτο	ἡβώοισθον	ἡβωοίσθην	ἡβωοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ἡβώοισθε	ἡβωοίᾰτο
	imperative		ἡβώεο	ἡβωέσθω	ἡβώεσθον	ἡβωέσθων		ἡβώεσθε	ἡβωέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἡβώειν/ἡβωέμεν(αι)/ἡβωμέναι				ἡβώεσθαι
participle	m	ἡβώων				ἡβωόμενος
	f	ἡβώουσᾰ				ἡβωομένη
	n	ἡβῶον				ἡβωόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἥβᾰον, ἡβᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἥβᾰον	ἥβᾰες	ἥβᾰε(ν)	ἡβᾰ́ετον	ἡβᾰέτην	ἡβᾰ́ομεν	ἡβᾰ́ετε	ἥβᾰον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἡβᾰόμην	ἡβᾰ́ου	ἡβᾰ́ετο	ἡβᾰ́εσθον	ἡβᾰέσθην	ἡβᾰόμεθᾰ	ἡβᾰ́εσθε	ἡβᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἥβων, ἡβώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἥβων	ἥβᾱς	ἥβᾱ	ἡβᾶτον	ἡβᾱ́την	ἡβῶμεν	ἡβᾶτε	ἥβων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἡβώμην	ἡβῶ	ἡβᾶτο	ἡβᾶσθον	ἡβᾱ́σθην	ἡβώμεθᾰ	ἡβᾶσθε	ἡβῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἡβήσω, ἡβήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἡβήσω	ἡβήσεις	ἡβήσει	ἡβήσετον	ἡβήσετον	ἡβήσομεν	ἡβήσετε	ἡβήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβήσοιμῐ	ἡβήσοις	ἡβήσοι	ἡβήσοιτον	ἡβησοίτην	ἡβήσοιμεν	ἡβήσοιτε	ἡβήσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἡβήσομαι	ἡβήσῃ, ἡβήσει	ἡβήσεται	ἡβήσεσθον	ἡβήσεσθον	ἡβησόμεθᾰ	ἡβήσεσθε	ἡβήσονται
	optative	ἡβησοίμην	ἡβήσοιο	ἡβήσοιτο	ἡβήσοισθον	ἡβησοίσθην	ἡβησοίμεθᾰ	ἡβήσοισθε	ἡβήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἡβήσειν			ἡβήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἡβήσων			ἡβησόμενος
	f	ἡβήσουσᾰ			ἡβησομένη
	n	ἡβῆσον			ἡβησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἡβᾱ́σω, ἡβᾱ́σομαι (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἡβᾱ́σω	ἡβᾱ́σεις	ἡβᾱ́σει	ἡβᾱ́σετον	ἡβᾱ́σετον	ἡβᾱ́σομες	ἡβᾱ́σετε	ἡβᾱ́σοντῐ
	optative	ἡβᾱ́σοιμῐ	ἡβᾱ́σοις	ἡβᾱ́σοι	ἡβᾱ́σοιτον	ἡβᾱσοίτᾱν	ἡβᾱ́σοιμες	ἡβᾱ́σοιτε	ἡβᾱ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	ἡβᾱ́σομαι	ἡβᾱ́σεαι	ἡβᾱ́σεται	ἡβᾱ́σεσθον	ἡβᾱ́σεσθον	ἡβᾱσόμεθᾰ	ἡβᾱ́σεσθε	ἡβᾱ́σονται
	optative	ἡβᾱσοίμᾱν	ἡβᾱ́σοιο	ἡβᾱ́σοιτο	ἡβᾱ́σοισθον	ἡβᾱσοίσθᾱν	ἡβᾱσοίμεθᾰ	ἡβᾱ́σοισθε	ἡβᾱ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἡβᾶσεν			ἡβᾱ́σεσθαι
participle	m	ἡβᾱ́σων			ἡβᾱσόμενος
	f	ἡβᾱ́σουσᾰ			ἡβᾱσομένᾱ
	n	ἡβᾶσον			ἡβᾱσόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἥβησᾰ, ἡβησᾰ́μην, ἡβήσην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἥβησᾰ	ἥβησᾰς	ἥβησε(ν)	ἡβήσᾰτον	ἡβησᾰ́την	ἡβήσᾰμεν	ἡβήσᾰτε	ἥβησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἡβήσω	ἡβήσῃς	ἡβήσῃ	ἡβήσητον	ἡβήσητον	ἡβήσωμεν	ἡβήσητε	ἡβήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβήσαιμῐ	ἡβήσειᾰς, ἡβήσαις	ἡβήσειε(ν), ἡβήσαι	ἡβήσαιτον	ἡβησαίτην	ἡβήσαιμεν	ἡβήσαιτε	ἡβήσειᾰν, ἡβήσαιεν
	imperative		ἥβησον	ἡβησᾰ́τω	ἡβήσᾰτον	ἡβησᾰ́των		ἡβήσᾰτε	ἡβησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἡβησᾰ́μην	ἡβήσω	ἡβήσᾰτο	ἡβήσᾰσθον	ἡβησᾰ́σθην	ἡβησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἡβήσᾰσθε	ἡβήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἡβήσωμαι	ἡβήσῃ	ἡβήσηται	ἡβήσησθον	ἡβήσησθον	ἡβησώμεθᾰ	ἡβήσησθε	ἡβήσωνται
	optative	ἡβησαίμην	ἡβήσαιο	ἡβήσαιτο	ἡβήσαισθον	ἡβησαίσθην	ἡβησαίμεθᾰ	ἡβήσαισθε	ἡβήσαιντο
	imperative		ἥβησαι	ἡβησᾰ́σθω	ἡβήσᾰσθον	ἡβησᾰ́σθων		ἡβήσᾰσθε	ἡβησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἡβήσην	ἡβήσης	ἡβήση	ἡβήσητον	ἡβησήτην	ἡβήσημεν	ἡβήσητε	ἡβήσησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἡβησῶ	ἡβησῇς	ἡβησῇ	ἡβησῆτον	ἡβησῆτον	ἡβησῶμεν	ἡβησῆτε	ἡβησῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβησείην	ἡβησείης	ἡβησείη	ἡβησεῖτον, ἡβησείητον	ἡβησείτην, ἡβησειήτην	ἡβησεῖμεν, ἡβησείημεν	ἡβησεῖτε, ἡβησείητε	ἡβησεῖεν, ἡβησείησᾰν
	imperative		ἡβήσηθῐ	ἡβησήτω	ἡβήσητον	ἡβησήτων		ἡβήσητε	ἡβησέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἡβῆσαι			ἡβήσᾰσθαι		ἡβησῆναι
participle	m	ἡβήσᾱς			ἡβησᾰ́μενος		ἡβησείς
	f	ἡβήσᾱσᾰ			ἡβησᾰμένη		ἡβησεῖσᾰ
	n	ἡβῆσᾰν			ἡβησᾰ́μενον		ἡβησέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἥβᾱσᾰ, ἡβᾱσᾰ́μᾱν, ἡβᾱ́σην (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἥβᾱσᾰ	ἥβᾱσᾰς	ἥβᾱσε(ν)	ἡβᾱ́σᾰτον	ἡβᾱσᾰ́τᾱν	ἡβᾱ́σᾰμες	ἡβᾱ́σᾰτε	ἥβᾱσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἡβᾱ́σω	ἡβᾱ́σῃς	ἡβᾱ́σῃ	ἡβᾱ́σητον	ἡβᾱ́σητον	ἡβᾱ́σωμες	ἡβᾱ́σητε	ἡβᾱσέωντῐ
	optative	ἡβᾱ́σαιμῐ	ἡβᾱ́σαις	ἡβᾱ́σαι	ἡβᾱσεῖτον	ἡβᾱσείτᾱν	ἡβᾱσεῖμες	ἡβᾱσεῖτε	ἡβᾱσεῖεν
	imperative		ἥβᾱσον	ἡβᾱσᾰ́τω	ἡβᾱ́σᾰτον	ἡβᾱσᾰ́των		ἡβᾱ́σᾰτε	ἡβᾱσᾰ́ντω
middle	indicative	ἡβᾱσᾰ́μᾱν	ἡβᾱ́σω	ἡβᾱ́σᾰτο	ἡβᾱ́σᾰσθον	ἡβᾱσᾰ́σθᾱν	ἡβᾱσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἡβᾱ́σᾰσθε	ἡβᾱ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἡβᾱ́σωμαι	ἡβᾱ́σηαι	ἡβᾱ́σηται	ἡβᾱ́σησθον	ἡβᾱ́σησθον	ἡβᾱσώμεθᾰ	ἡβᾱ́σησθε	ἡβᾱ́σωνται
	optative	ἡβᾱσαίμᾱν	ἡβᾱ́σαιο	ἡβᾱ́σαιτο	ἡβᾱ́σαισθον	ἡβᾱσαίσθᾱν	ἡβᾱσαίμεθᾰ	ἡβᾱ́σαισθε	ἡβᾱ́σαιντο
	imperative		ἥβᾱσαι	ἡβᾱσᾰ́σθω	ἡβᾱ́σᾰσθον	ἡβᾱσᾰ́σθων		ἡβᾱ́σᾰσθε	ἡβᾱσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἡβᾱ́σην	ἡβᾱ́σης	ἡβᾱ́ση	ἡβᾱ́σητον	ἡβᾱσήτᾱν	ἡβᾱ́σημες	ἡβᾱ́σητε	ἥβᾱσεν
	subjunctive	ἡβᾱσῶ	ἡβᾱσῇς	ἡβᾱσῇ	ἡβᾱσῆτον	ἡβᾱσῆτον	ἡβᾱσῶμες	ἡβᾱσῆτε	ἡβᾱσῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβᾱσείην	ἡβᾱσείης	ἡβᾱσείη	ἡβᾱσεῖτον, ἡβᾱσείητον	ἡβᾱσείτην, ἡβᾱσειήτᾱν	ἡβᾱσεῖμεν, ἡβᾱσείημες	ἡβᾱσεῖτε, ἡβᾱσείητε	ἡβᾱσεῖεν, ἡβᾱσείησᾰν
	imperative		ἡβᾱ́σηθῐ	ἡβᾱσήτω	ἡβᾱ́σητον	ἡβᾱσήτων		ἡβᾱ́σητε	ἡβᾱσέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἡβᾱσῆμεν			ἡβᾱ́σᾰσθαι		ἡβᾱσῆναι
participle	m	ἡβᾱ́σᾱς			ἡβᾱσᾰ́μενος		ἡβᾱσείς
	f	ἡβᾱ́σᾱσᾰ			ἡβᾱσᾰμένᾱ		ἡβᾱσεῖσᾰ
	n	ἡβᾶσᾰν			ἡβᾱσᾰ́μενον		ἡβᾱσέν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἥβηκᾰ, ἥβηγμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἥβηκᾰ	ἥβηκᾰς	ἥβηκε(ν)	ἡβήκᾰτον	ἡβήκᾰτον	ἡβήκᾰμεν	ἡβήκᾰτε	ἡβήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἡβήκω	ἡβήκῃς	ἡβήκῃ	ἡβήκητον	ἡβήκητον	ἡβήκωμεν	ἡβήκητε	ἡβήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβήκοιμῐ, ἡβηκοίην	ἡβήκοις, ἡβηκοίης	ἡβήκοι, ἡβηκοίη	ἡβήκοιτον	ἡβηκοίτην	ἡβήκοιμεν	ἡβήκοιτε	ἡβήκοιεν
	imperative		ἥβηκε	ἡβηκέτω	ἡβήκετον	ἡβηκέτων		ἡβήκετε	ἡβηκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἥβηγμαι	ἥβηξαι	ἥβηκται	ἥβηχθον	ἥβηχθον	ἡβήγμεθᾰ	ἥβηχθε	ἡβήκᾰται
	subjunctive	ἡβηγμένος ὦ	ἡβηγμένος ᾖς	ἡβηγμένος ᾖ	ἡβηγμένω ἦτον	ἡβηγμένω ἦτον	ἡβηγμένοι ὦμεν	ἡβηγμένοι ἦτε	ἡβηγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἡβηγμένος εἴην	ἡβηγμένος εἴης	ἡβηγμένος εἴη	ἡβηγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἡβηγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἡβηγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἡβηγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἡβηγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἥβηξο	ἡβήχθω	ἥβηχθον	ἡβήχθων		ἥβηχθε	ἡβήχθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἡβηκέναι				ἡβῆχθαι
participle	m	ἡβηκώς				ἡβηγμένος
	f	ἡβηκυῖᾰ				ἡβηγμένη
	n	ἡβηκός				ἡβηγμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Related terms

• ἥβη (hḗbē)
• ἡβητήρ (hēbētḗr)
• ἡβητής (hēbētḗs)
• ἡβητικός (hēbētikós)
• ἡβικός (hēbikós)

 

Further reading

• “ἡβάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἡβάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἡβάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “ἡβάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers