ῥέθος
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
Since the meaning "face, countenance", given as Aeolic by grammarians, is certain, we have to depart from this when explaining the word. Both an older Epic meaning "mouth" and "figure, body" seems possible (compare Latin ōs (“mouth; face”) and faciēs (“figure; face”)). An original meaning "nostril(s)" fits well, and the transition to "face, body" is unproblematic. The word has no convincing etymology. The lack of the ϝ- in Aeolic makes a connection with Sanskrit वर्धते (vardhate, “to grow, thrive”) difficult. Fraenkel's suggestion to connect ῥίς (rhís, “nose, snout”) and ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”) is neither morphologically nor semantically convincing.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥é.tʰos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈre.tʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈre.θos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈre.θos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈre.θos/
Noun edit
ῥέθος • (rhéthos) n (genitive ῥέθεος); third declension
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ῥέθος tò rhéthos |
τὼ ῥέθεε tṑ rhéthee |
τᾰ̀ ῥέθεᾰ tà rhéthea | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ῥέθεος toû rhétheos |
τοῖν ῥεθέοιν toîn rhethéoin |
τῶν ῥεθέων tôn rhethéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ῥέθεῐ̈ tôi rhétheï |
τοῖν ῥεθέοιν toîn rhethéoin |
τοῖς ῥέθεσῐ / ῥέθεσῐν toîs rhéthesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ῥέθος tò rhéthos |
τὼ ῥέθεε tṑ rhéthee |
τᾰ̀ ῥέθεᾰ tà rhéthea | ||||||||||
Vocative | ῥέθος rhéthos |
ῥέθεε rhéthee |
ῥέθεᾰ rhéthea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms edit
- ῥεθομᾱλῐ́δας (rhethomālídas)
Further reading edit
- “ῥέθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ῥέθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ῥέθος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ῥέθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ῥέθεα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN