枯燥

Chinese

		withered; dried up	dry; parched; impatient
trad. (枯燥)		枯	燥
simp. #(枯燥)		枯	燥

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kūzào

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨ ㄗㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu¹ cou³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khû-châu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-sò / kho͘-sò / koa-sò

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kūzào
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuzào
    • Wade–Giles: kʻu¹-tsao⁴
    • Yale: kū-dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kutzaw
    • Palladius: куцзао (kuczao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu¹ cou³
    • Yale: fū chou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu¹ tsou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu¹ cou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khû-châu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ku´ zau´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ku¹ zau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sau̯²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-sò
    • Tâi-lô: koo-sò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kosoix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ so⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho͘-sò
    • Tâi-lô: khoo-sò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qosoix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa-sò
    • Tâi-lô: kua-sò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koasoix
    • IPA (Taipei): /kua⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/

Adjective

枯燥

1. boring; dull; tedious
2. withered; dried up

Synonyms

• (boring):

• 乏味 (fáwèi)
• 乾燥／干燥 (gānzào)
• 乾癟／干瘪 (gānbiě) (of writing)
• 俗 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 單一／单一 (dānyī)
• 單調／单调 (dāndiào)
• 枯索 (kūsuǒ) (literary)
• 沒趣／没趣 (méiqù)
• 無俗／无俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 無味／无味 (wúwèi)
• 無局／无局 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 無想俗／无想俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 無聊／无聊 (wúliáo)
• 無藝／无艺 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 無藝量／无艺量 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 無趣／无趣 (wúqù)

 

• (withered): 乾枯／干枯 (gānkū)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “boring”): 有趣 (yǒuqù), 有意思 (yǒuyìsi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (枯燥):

• → Japanese: 枯燥(こそう) (kosō)

Others:

• → Vietnamese khô ráo