苦澀

See also: 苦涩 and 苦渋

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	grating (of surfaces); tart; acerbic
trad. (苦澀)		苦	澀
simp. (苦涩)		苦	涩

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǔsè

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄙㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² gip³, fu² sap¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-siap

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǔsè
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄙㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǔsè
    • Wade–Giles: kʻu³-sê⁴
    • Yale: kǔ-sè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuseh
    • Palladius: кусэ (kusɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² gip³, fu² sap¹
    • Yale: fú gip, fú sāp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² gip⁸, fu² sap⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² gib³, fu² seb¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ kiːp̚³/, /fuː³⁵ sɐp̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-siap
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-siap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofsiab
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siap̚⁵/

Adjective

苦澀

1. bitter and astringent; harsh to the taste
2. pained; agonised; anguished