雰囲気
Japanese edit
Kanji in this term | ||
---|---|---|
雰 | 囲 | 気 |
ふん Grade: S |
い Grade: 5 |
き Grade: 1 |
on’yomi | kan’on |
Alternative spellings |
---|
雰圍氣 (kyūjitai) 氛囲気 (uncommon) |
Etymology edit
Appeared in the book on physics 気海観瀾 (Kikai Kanran) of 1827.[1][2] Until the end of the Edo period, the term was used as a translation of Dutch lucht (“air”).[1][2] In the early Meiji period, it became common as a translation of English atmosphere, and in the late Meiji period, it changed to an abstract meaning as it is today.[1][2]
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) ふんいき [fùń'íꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [3])[3][4][1]
- (Tokyo) ふいんき [fùíꜜǹkì] (Nakadaka – [2]) metathesis, proscribed
- IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃ikʲi]
- IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝĩŋʲkʲi]
Noun edit
雰囲気 • (fun'iki) ←ふんゐき (fun'wiki)?
- mood; atmosphere
- (uncommon) atmosphere (of the Earth or any astronomical body)
- Synonym: 大気 (taiki)
See also edit
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “雰囲気”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN