혼돈하다

Korean

Etymology

혼돈(混沌) (hondon) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈɸʷo̞(ː)ndo̞nɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [혼(ː)돈하다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	hondonhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	hondonhada
McCune–Reischauer?	hondonhada
Yale Romanization?	hōnton.hata

Adjective

혼돈하다 • (hondonhada) (infinitive 혼돈해 or 혼돈하여, sequential 혼돈하니, hanja 混沌하다)

1. (to be) chaotic
   • 1961, “Genesis 1:2”, in 개역한글판 성경 [gaeyeokhan'geulpan seonggyeong, Bible: Korean Revised Version]:

     땅이 혼돈하고 공허하며 흑암이 깊음 위에 있고 하나님의 신은 수면에 운행하시니라

     ttang-i hondon-hago gongheo-hamyeo heugam-i gipeum wi-e itgo hananim-ui sin-eun sumyeon-e unhaeng-hasinira

     And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.

     (English: King James Version translation)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 혼돈하다 (hondonhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	혼돈하다 hondonhada	혼돈해 hondonhae	혼돈해요 hondonhaeyo	혼돈합니다 hondonhamnida
	Past	혼돈했다 hondonhaetda	혼돈했어 hondonhaesseo	혼돈했어요 hondonhaesseoyo	혼돈했습니다 hondonhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	혼돈하냐 hondonhanya	혼돈해 hondonhae	혼돈해요 hondonhaeyo	혼돈합니까 hondonhamnikka
	Past	혼돈했냐 hondonhaennya	혼돈했어 hondonhaesseo	혼돈했어요 hondonhaesseoyo	혼돈했습니까 hondonhaetseumnikka
Assertive		혼돈하겠다 hondonhagetda	혼돈하겠어 hondonhagesseo	혼돈하겠어요 hondonhagesseoyo	혼돈하겠습니다 hondonhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		혼돈해 hondonhae	혼돈해서, 혼돈하여서 hondonhaeseo, hondonhayeoseo	혼돈하니 hondonhani	혼돈하니까 hondonhanikka
Contrast		혼돈하지만 hondonhajiman	혼돈한데 hondonhande	혼돈하더니 hondonhadeoni
Conjunction		혼돈하고 hondonhago
Condition		혼돈하면 hondonhamyeon	혼돈해야, 혼돈하여야 hondonhaeya, hondonhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		혼돈함 hondonham	혼돈하기 hondonhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		혼돈했음, 혼돈하였음 hondonhaesseum, hondonhayeosseum	혼돈했기, 혼돈하였기 hondonhaetgi, hondonhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		혼돈한 hondonhan
	Future		혼돈할 hondonhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	혼돈하시다 hondonhasida	혼돈하셔 hondonhasyeo	혼돈하세요, 혼돈하셔요 hondonhaseyo, hondonhasyeoyo	혼돈하십니다 hondonhasimnida
	Past	혼돈하셨다 hondonhasyeotda	혼돈하셨어 hondonhasyeosseo	혼돈하셨어요 hondonhasyeosseoyo	혼돈하셨습니다 hondonhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	혼돈하시냐 hondonhasinya	혼돈하셔 hondonhasyeo	혼돈하세요, 혼돈하셔요 hondonhaseyo, hondonhasyeoyo	혼돈하십니까 hondonhasimnikka
	Past	혼돈하셨냐 hondonhasyeonnya	혼돈하셨어 hondonhasyeosseo	혼돈하셨어요 hondonhasyeosseoyo	혼돈하셨습니까 hondonhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		혼돈하시겠다 hondonhasigetda	혼돈하시겠어 hondonhasigesseo	혼돈하시겠어요 hondonhasigesseoyo	혼돈하시겠습니다 hondonhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		혼돈하셔 hondonhasyeo	혼돈하셔서 hondonhasyeoseo	혼돈하시니 hondonhasini	혼돈하시니까 hondonhasinikka
Contrast		혼돈하시지만 hondonhasijiman	혼돈하신데 hondonhasinde	혼돈하시더니 hondonhasideoni
Conjunction		혼돈하시고 hondonhasigo
Condition		혼돈하시면 hondonhasimyeon	혼돈하셔야 hondonhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		혼돈하심 hondonhasim	혼돈하시기 hondonhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		혼돈하셨음 hondonhasyeosseum	혼돈하셨기 hondonhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		혼돈하신 hondonhasin
	Future		혼돈하실 hondonhasil