있다

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 잇다 (ista), from Old Korean 有叱 (*Is-). Related to the past tense marker 었 (-eot).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [it̚t͈a̠]

  • (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [읻따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	itda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	issda
McCune–Reischauer?	itta
Yale Romanization?	issta

Verb

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)

1. to be (in a place); to exist

   ^뉴욕은 ^미국에 있다.

   Nyuyog-eun Migug-e itda.

   New York is in the United States.

   물속에 물고기가 있다.

   Mulsog-e mulgogi-ga itda.

   There are fish in the water.

   Antonym: 없다 (eopda)

2. to have

   그녀는 남자친구가 있다.

   Geunyeo-neun namjachin'gu-ga itda.

   She has a boyfriend.

   저는 집도 있고 차도 있어요.

   Jeo-neun jip-do itgo cha-do isseoyo.

   I have a house and a car.

   Antonym: 없다 (eopda)

3. (auxiliary, after the 어/아 (-eo/a) infinitive) to be (in a state)

   죽어 있다 ― jugeo itda ― to be dead

   모여 있다 ― moyeo itda ― to be gathered together

4. (auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to be in the process of

   죽고 있다 ― jukgo itda ― to be dying

   모이고 있다 ― moigo itda ― to be gathering together

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 있다 (itda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	있는다 inneunda	있어 isseo	있어요 isseoyo	있습니다 itseumnida
	Past	있었다 isseotda	있었어 isseosseo	있었어요 isseosseoyo	있었습니다 isseotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	있느냐 inneunya	있어 isseo	있어요 isseoyo	있습니까 itseumnikka
	Past	있었느냐 isseonneunya	있었어 isseosseo	있었어요 isseosseoyo	있었습니까 isseotseumnikka
Hortative		있자 itja	있어 isseo	있어요 isseoyo	있읍시다 isseupsida
Imperative		있어라 isseora	있어 isseo	있어요 isseoyo	있읍시오 isseupsio
Assertive		있겠다 itgetda	있겠어 itgesseo	있겠어요 itgesseoyo	있겠습니다 itgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		있어 isseo	있어서 isseoseo	있으니 isseuni	있으니까 isseunikka
Contrast		있지만 itjiman	있는데 inneunde	있더니 itdeoni
Conjunction		있고 itgo
Condition		있으면 isseumyeon	있어야 isseoya
Motive		있으려고 isseuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		있음 isseum	있기 itgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		있었음 isseosseum	있었기 isseotgi
Determiners	Past	있은 isseun
	Present	있는 inneun
	Future	있을 isseul

(to be in a place, to exist): 계시다 (gyesida)
(to be in a state): 계시다 (gyesida)
(to have): 있으시다 (isseusida)

Derived terms

• 있잖아 (itjana)

 

See also

• 이다 (ida, “to equal (copula)”)
• 아니다 (anida, “not to equal (negative copula)”)
• 계시다 (gyesida, “to stay”) honorific form of 있다