𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-) +‎ Proto-Germanic *sturnāną. More at *staraz (“rigid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /andˈstɔrran/

Verb

𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 • (andstaurran)

1. (hapax) to murmur against, scold
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 14:5:

     𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌹 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌶𐍉 𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌾𐌰 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌴 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐌽𐌻𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼. 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌸𐍉.

     maht wēsi auk þata balsan frabugjan in managizō þau þrija hunda skattē jah giban unlēdaim. jah andstaurraidēdun þō.

     For this ointment might have been sold for above three hundred shillings, and given to the poor. And they murmured against her. (ASV)

Conjugation

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 andstaurrān
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰 andstaurra	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 andstaurraida	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰 andstaurrāda
2nd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃 andstaurrais	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 andstaurraidēs	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌰 andstaurrāza
3rd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸 andstaurraiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 andstaurraida	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰 andstaurrāda
1st dual	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐍉𐍃 andstaurrōs	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 andstaurraidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍃 andstaurrāts	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 andstaurraidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌼 andstaurrām	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 andstaurraidēdum	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 andstaurrānda
2nd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸 andstaurraiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 andstaurraidēduþ	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 andstaurrānda
3rd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳 andstaurrānd	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 andstaurraidēdun	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 andstaurrānda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌿 andstaurrau	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 andstaurraidēdjau	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 andstaurraidau
2nd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃 andstaurrais	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 andstaurraidēdeis	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 andstaurraizau
3rd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹 andstaurrai	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 andstaurraidēdi	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 andstaurraidau
1st dual	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 andstaurraiwa	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 andstaurraidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 andstaurraits	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 andstaurraidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 andstaurraima	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 andstaurraidēdeima	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 andstaurraindau
2nd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸 andstaurraiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 andstaurraidēdeiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 andstaurraindau
3rd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 andstaurraina	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 andstaurraidēdeina	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 andstaurraindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹 andstaurrai
3rd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 andstaurrādau
2nd dual	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍃 andstaurrāts
2nd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸 andstaurraiþ
3rd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 andstaurrāndau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 andstaurrānds	𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 andstaurraiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 130