Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturnāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *sturrāną

Etymology

Kroonen suggests that this verb could be nasal infix present to Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”). The infix caused a consonant alternation in the root, the singular *str-néh₁-ti would result in a root with *sturr-. Whereas the plural *str-nh₁-énti would result in a root with *sturn-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstur.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sturnāną

1. to be stiff, be rigid
2. to stand out
3. to stare

Inflection

The paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *sturr- against *sturn-.

Conjugation of *sturnāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sturnō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*sturnaisi	?	*sturnai	*sturnāsai	?
3rd singular	*sturnaiþi	?	*sturnāþau	*sturnāþai	?
1st dual	*sturnōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sturnāþiz	?	*sturnāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*sturnāmaz	?	—	*sturnānþai	?
2nd plural	*sturnaiþ	?	*sturnaiþ	*sturnānþai	?
3rd plural	*sturnānþi	?	*sturnānþau	*sturnānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sturnadǭ	*sturnadēdį̄
2nd singular	*sturnadēz	*sturnadēdīz
3rd singular	*sturnadē	*sturnadēdī
1st dual	*sturnadēdū	*sturnadēdīw
2nd dual	*sturnadēdudiz	*sturnadēdīdiz
1st plural	*sturnadēdum	*sturnadēdīm
2nd plural	*sturnadēdud	*sturnadēdīd
3rd plural	*sturnadēdun	*sturnadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*sturnāndz	*sturnadaz

Conjugation of *sturrāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sturrō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*sturraisi	?	*sturrai	*sturrāsai	?
3rd singular	*sturraiþi	?	*sturrāþau	*sturrāþai	?
1st dual	*sturrōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sturrāþiz	?	*sturrāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*sturrāmaz	?	—	*sturrānþai	?
2nd plural	*sturraiþ	?	*sturraiþ	*sturrānþai	?
3rd plural	*sturrānþi	?	*sturrānþau	*sturrānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sturradǭ	*sturradēdį̄
2nd singular	*sturradēz	*sturradēdīz
3rd singular	*sturradē	*sturradēdī
1st dual	*sturradēdū	*sturradēdīw
2nd dual	*sturradēdudiz	*sturradēdīdiz
1st plural	*sturradēdum	*sturradēdīm
2nd plural	*sturradēdud	*sturradēdīd
3rd plural	*sturradēdun	*sturradēdīn
	present	past
participles	*sturrāndz	*sturradaz

Related terms

• *staraz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *storrēn, *stornēn
  • Old High German: storrēn, stornēn
    • Middle High German: storren
• Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*staurran)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (andstaurran)