𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bīstą. Related to 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan, “to bite”) (compare Old High German billa (“unleavened bread”) and Old English andbita (“yeast”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbiːst/

Noun

𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄 • (beist) n

2. leaven (agent used to make dough rise)
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 8:15:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌸 𐌹𐌼 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌹𐌸 𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌴 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌴𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐍃.

     jah anabauþ im qiþands: saiƕiþ ei atsaiƕiþ izwis þis beistis fareisaiē jah beistis hērōdis.

     And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod. (KJV)

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Galatians 5:9:

     𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻 𐌱𐌴𐌹⟨𐍃⟩𐍄𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌸.

     leitil bei⟨s⟩tis allana dag distairiþ.

     A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. (KJV).

Declension

Neuter a-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄 beist	—
Vocative	𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄 beist	—
Accusative	𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄 beist	—
Genitive	𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 beistis	—
Dative	𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 beista	—

Derived terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gabeistjan, “to leaven”)
• 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹 (unbeistei, “unleavened bread”)
• 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐍉𐌸𐍃 (unbeistjōþs, “unleavened”)

 

Related terms

• 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐍃 (baitrs, “bitter”)
• 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan, “to bite”)

 

See also

• 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃 (daigs, “soft, kneadable material”)
• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (distairan, “to burst, to leaven”)
• 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs, “bread”)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 18