𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀇

Prakrit

Alternative forms

• 𑀥𑀸𑀇 (dhāi), 𑀥𑀸𑀅𑀇 (dhāaï)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀢𑀺 (dhā́vati). Cognate with Pali dhāvati.

Verb

𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀇 (dhāvaï) (Devanagari धावइ, Kannada ಧಾವಇ) (transitive, intransitive) (Maharastri, Jain Maharastri)

1. to run
   • c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 456:

     𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀑, 𑀧𑀸𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀪𑀫𑀇, 𑀤𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻𑀧𑀳𑀁𑀫𑀺 𑀲𑀁𑀞𑀸𑀇𑁇
     𑀡𑀯𑀮𑀇𑀓𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀢𑀼𑀳 𑀳𑀮𑀺𑀅𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢! 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀳𑀭𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑁈𑁪𑁫𑁬𑁈

     dhāvaï purao, pāsesu bhamaï, diṭṭhīpahaṃmi saṃṭhāi.
     ṇavalaïkarassa tuha haliaütta! de paharasu varāiṃ .456.

     • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken

       456. As soon as you have a supple twig in your hand, she runs across your path, hovers on either side of you and happens to be wherever you are looking.
       You blockhead, can’t you see the poor girl desperately wants a good thrashing?

   • c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti X. Agaladatta, page 72, line 1:

     𑀢𑀸 𑀑𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀇 𑀥𑀸𑀯𑀇 𑀘𑀮𑀇 𑀔𑀮𑀇 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀑 𑀢𑀳𑀸 𑀳𑁄𑀇𑁇
     𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀪𑀫𑀇 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓-𑀪𑀫𑀡𑀁 𑀭𑁄𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 𑀥𑀫𑀥𑀫𑁂𑀁𑀢𑁄 𑀲𑁄 𑁈𑁬𑁧𑁈

     tā odhāvaï dhāvaï calaï khalaï pariṇao tahā hoi.
     paribhamaï cakka-bhamaṇaṃ roseṇaṃ dhamadhameṃto so .61.

     61. Thereupon, panting with fury, [the elephant] rushed and ran and shook and stumbled
     and tried to strike with its tusks and whirled about in a circle.

2. to wash, purify

Derived terms

Terms derived from *𑀥𑀸𑀯-𑀟-𑀇 (*dhāva-ḍa-i) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-))

• Old Marathi: davaḍaṇe, dhavaḍaṇe, dhāvaḍaṇe, dhāṃvaṃḍaṇe

  Devanagari script: दवडणे, धवडणे, धावडणे, धांवंडणे

  Modi script: 𑘟𑘪𑘚𑘜𑘹, 𑘠𑘪𑘚𑘜𑘹, 𑘠𑘰𑘪𑘚𑘜𑘹, 𑘠𑘰𑘽𑘪𑘚𑘜𑘹

  • Marathi: dhāvṇe

    Devanagari script: धावडणे

    Modi script: 𑘠𑘰𑘪𑘚𑘜𑘹

Descendants

Descendants

• Central:
  • Eastern:
    • Old Awadhi: धावइ (dhāvai)
  • Western:
    • Old Braj: धावति (dhāvti)
      • Braj: धावन (dhāvan)
    • Hindustani: dhānā

      Hindi: धाना

      Urdu: دَھانَا

• Eastern:
  • Assamese: ধা (dha)
  • Bengali: ধাওয়া (dhaōẇa)
  • Bihari:
    • Bhojpuri: dhāval

      Devanagari script: धावल

      Kaithi script: 𑂡𑂰𑂫𑂪

    • Maithili: dhāēb

      Devanagari script: धाएब

      Tirhuta script: 𑒡𑒰𑒋𑒥

  • Odia: ଧାଇଁବା (dhaĩba), ଧୁପିବା (dhupiba)
• Northern:
  • Nepali: धाउनु (dhāunu)
• Northwestern:
  • Old Punjabi: ਧਾਇ (dhāi)
    • Gurmukhi script: ਧਾਉਣਾ (dhāuṇā)
  • Saraiki:

    Shahmukhi script: دھاوَݨ (dhāvaṇ)

    Devanagari script: धावण

    Multani script: 𑊙𑊤𑊕 (dhvṇ)

• Southern:
  • Insular:
    • >? Dhivehi: ދުވަނީ (duvanī)
  • Marathi-Konkani:
    • Konkani: dhāvce

      Devanagari script: धाव्चे

      Kannada script: ಧಾವ್ಚೆ

      Latin script: dhavche

    • Old Marathi: dhāṃvaṇe

      Devanagari script: धांवणे

      Modi script: 𑘠𑘰𑘽𑘪𑘜𑘹

      • Marathi: dhāvṇe

        Devanagari script: धावणे

        Modi script: 𑘠𑘰𑘪𑘜𑘹

      • → Kannada: ಧಾವಿಸು (dhāvisu)
• Western:
  • Ahirani: धावनं (dhāvna)
  • Gojri: دھانو (dhāno)
  • Middle Gujarati: धावइ
    • Gujarati: ધાવું (dhāvũ)
  • Marwari: धावणौ (dhāvṇau)
  • Nimadi: धावणूं (dhāvṇū̃)

References

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) “धाव”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 489.
• Sir George Abraham Grierson (1924) “The Prakrit Dhātv-ādēśas: According to the Western and the Eastern Schools of Prakrit Grammarians.”, in Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal‎^[1], volume VIII, number 2, Calcutta, page 142.
• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 127, 345.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhāˊvati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 389