𑀧𑀓𑀫

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit प्रक्रम (prakrama)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रक्रम (prakrama). Cognate with Pali pakkama.

Noun

𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama /pakkama/) m

1. exertion, zeal
   • c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.4:

     𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 𑀳𑀺 𑀇𑀬𑀁 𑀨𑀮𑁂

     pakamasa hi iyaṃ phale

     • 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch

       For this is the fruit of zeal.

Declension

Declension of 𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)
	singular	plural
nominative	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑁂 pakame	—
accusative	—	—
instrumental	—	—
dative	—	—
ablative	—	—
genitive	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲𑀺, 𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 pakamasi, pakamasa	—
locative	—	—

Alternative forms

Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Gavimath, Nittur, Rajula-Mandagiri, Rupnath, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.

Dialectal forms of 𑀧𑀓𑀫 (“exertion”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Rupnath	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲𑀺 gen.sg (pakamasi)
	Bairat	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	?𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (pakamasa)
	Sahasram	𑀧𑀮𑀸𑀓𑀫 (palākama)	?𑀧𑀮𑀸𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (palākame)
	Gujarra	𑀧𑀭𑀓𑀫 (parakama)	𑀧𑀭𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (parakamasa)
	Bahapur	𑀧𑀮𑀓𑀫 (palakama)	𑀧𑀮𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (palakame)
	Ahraura	𑀧𑀮𑀓𑀫 (palakama)	𑀧𑀮𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (palakamasa), 𑀧𑀮𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (palakame)
South	Yerragudi	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (pakamasa), 𑀧𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (pakame)
	Siddapura	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (pakamasa), 𑀧𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (pakame)
	Brahmagiri	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (pakamasa), ?𑀧𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (pakame)
	Rajula-Mandagiri	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	?𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (pakamasa), ?𑀧𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (pakame)
	Udegolam	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (pakame)
	Nittur	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama), 𑀧𑀓𑁂𑀫 (pakema)	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (pakamasa), 𑀧𑀓𑁂𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (pakeme)
	Gavimath	𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama)	𑀧𑀓𑀫𑀲 gen.sg (pakamasa), 𑀧𑀓𑀫𑁂 nom.sg (pakame)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀧𑀓𑀫 (“exertion”)
𑀧𑀓𑀫 (pakama) (14) 𑀧𑀮𑀓𑀫 (palakama) (3) 𑀧𑀭𑀓𑀫 (parakama) (1) 𑀧𑀮𑀸𑀓𑀫 (palākama) (1) 𑀧𑀓𑁂𑀫 (pakema) (1)

References

• Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) “pakama-”, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aśoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 157