𑀇𑀬𑀁

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit इदम् (idam)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)

Inherited from Sanskrit इयम् (iyam), feminine of the pronominal base इदम् (idam).

Pronoun

𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)

1. this here, this one (proximal third person singular personal pronoun)

Determiner

𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)

1. this
   • c. 257 BCE, Aśoka, Major Rock Edict 1 Girnar:

     𑀇𑀬𑀁 𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀺 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀦 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀤𑀲𑀺𑀦𑀸 𑀭𑀸𑀜𑀸 𑀮𑁂𑀔𑀸𑀧𑀺𑀢

     iyaṃ dhaṃmalipi devānaṃpriyena priyadasinā rāñā lekhāpita

     This law-edict has been made written by the Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Priyadarshin.

Declension

Declension of 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	𑀇𑀬𑀁 iyaṃ	𑀇𑀫𑁂 ime	—	—	𑀇𑀬𑀁, 𑀏𑀲, 𑀏𑀲𑁂, 𑀏𑀲𑀸 iyaṃ, esa, ese, esā	—
accusative	𑀇𑀫𑀁 imaṃ	—	—	—	𑀇𑀫𑀁 imaṃ	—
instrumental	𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀸, 𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀡𑀸 iminā, imiṇā	—	—	—	—	—
dative	𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀬 imāya	—	—	—	—	—
ablative	—	—	—	—	—	—
genitive	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	—	—	𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀬𑀁 imāyaṃ	—	—	—

Alternative forms

Attested at Ahraura, Allahabad-Kosambi, Bahapur, Bairat, Brahmagiri, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Gavimath, Girnar, Gujarra, Jatinga-Rameshwara, Jaugada, Kalsi, Maski, Nittur, Palkigundu, Panguraria, Rajula-Mandagiri, Rupnath, Sahasram, Sarnath, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.

Dialectal forms of 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (“this”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
	Delhi-Topra	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
	Sarnath	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
	Rupnath	𑀇𑀬 (iya), 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀇𑀬 m.nom.sg (iya), 𑀏𑀲 n.nom.sg (esa), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 n.nom.sg (esā), 𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀬 m.dat.sg (imāya)
	Bairat	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀏𑀲 n.nom.sg (esa), 𑀏𑀲𑁂 n.nom.sg (ese)
	Allahabad-Kosambi	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
	Sahasram	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ)
	Gujarra	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 n.nom.sg (iyaṃ)
	Barabar	𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀁 (hīyaṃ)	𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀁 n.nom.sg (hīyaṃ)
	Panguraria	𑀅𑀬𑀁 (ayaṃ), 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀅𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg (ayaṃ), 𑀏𑀲𑁂 n.nom.sg (ese), 𑀏𑀲 n.nom.sg (esa), 𑀇𑀫𑀁 m.acc.sg (imaṃ)
	Bahapur	𑀏𑀬𑀁 (eyaṃ), 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	?𑀏𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg (eyaṃ), 𑀇𑀬𑀁 n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 n.nom.sg (esā), ?𑀏𑀲 n.nom.sg (esa), 𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀬 m.dat.sg (imāya)
	Ahraura	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀏𑀲 n.nom.sg (esa)
East	Dhauli	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
	Jaugada	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨀𐨩 (aya), 𐨀𐨩𐨎 (ayaṃ)
	Mansehra	𐨀𐨁𐨩𐨎 (iyaṃ)
West	Girnar	𑀅𑀬𑀁 (ayaṃ), 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)
South	Yerragudi	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀇𑀫𑀁 m.acc.sg (imaṃ), ?𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀸 m.ins.sg (iminā), ?𑀇𑀫𑁂 m.nom.pl (ime)
	Siddapura	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀇𑀫𑀁 m.acc.sg (imaṃ), ?𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀸 m.ins.sg (iminā), ?𑀇𑀫𑁂 m.nom.pl (ime)
	Brahmagiri	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀇𑀫𑀁 m.acc.sg (imaṃ), 𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀸 m.ins.sg (iminā), 𑀇𑀫𑁂 m.nom.pl (ime)
	Maski	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	?𑀇𑀬𑀁 n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), ?𑀇𑀫𑀁 n.acc.sg (imaṃ)
	Jatinga-Rameshwara	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), ?𑀇𑀫𑁂 m.nom.pl (ime)
	Rajula-Mandagiri	𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀁 (hīyaṃ), 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀁 n.nom.sg (hīyaṃ), ?𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀸 m.ins.sg (iminā), ?𑀇𑀫𑁂 m.nom.pl (ime)
	Udegolam	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), ?𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀡𑀸 m.ins.sg (imiṇā), 𑀇𑀫𑁂 m.nom.pl (ime)
	Nittur	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀇𑀫𑀁 m.acc.sg (imaṃ), ?𑀇𑀫𑀺𑀡𑀸 m.ins.sg (imiṇā), 𑀇𑀫𑁂 m.nom.pl (ime)
	Gavimath	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 m.nom.sg; n.nom.sg (iyaṃ), 𑀏𑀲 n.nom.sg (esa), 𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀬𑀁 f.loc.sg (imāyaṃ)
	Palkigundu	𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ)	𑀇𑀬𑀁 n.nom.sg (iyaṃ)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀇𑀬𑀁 (“this”)
𑀇𑀬𑀁 (iyaṃ) (54) 𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀁 (hīyaṃ) (2) 𑀅𑀬𑀁 (ayaṃ) (2) 𐨀𐨁𐨩𐨎 (iyaṃ) (1) 𑀇𑀬 (iya) (1) 𐨀𐨩𐨎 (ayaṃ) (1) 𑀏𑀬𑀁 (eyaṃ) (1) 𐨀𐨩 (aya) (1)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ayám”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press