-TÁÁL
Navajo
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Athabaskan *tatłʼ (“to act abruptly with the foot”), in bases related to stepping, stomping, kicking. Also occurs in a meaning related to bursting and exploding.
Cognate root found in Ahtna yiztał (“he shoved it once with his foot”), yuninitaatlʼ (“he kicked at it”), iʼdiiłtatlʼ (“I burst something”), Carrier əstał (“to kick”), dîstəł (“to explode”).
Root
edit-TÁÁL
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∅ | motion |
S steps
|
|||||
l | |||||||
di + ∅ | motion | ||||||
(dzi) + ∅ | successive |
S kicks Motion:
Successive (without dzi-):
|
S kicks P
|
||||
l | motion |
S dashes |
- See also other roots of attacking like -DON (“to shoot”), -GHAAL (“to bat”), -TʼOH (“to shoot”), -TŁʼIN (“to sling”), -TSXIZ (“to whip”) etc, for a similar alternation between dzi- (“away into space”), yíní- (repetitive), yíníi- (semelfactive) and adi- (“to be given to —, to be a —er”, iterative) in successive themes.
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
l | successive |
S pops
|
S pops O
|
- The first two bases are seriative forms of the “dash” theme above.
Stem set
editAspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -taał | -táál | -tał | -tał | -taał |
CONT | -taał / tal | -táál | -tał | -tał | -taał |
REP | -tał | -tał | -tał | -tał | -tał |
SER | -tał | -táál | -tał | -tał | -tał |
SEM | -tał | -tał | -tał | -tał | -tał |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
editto act with body:
to pulsate:
to go swiftly, to dash:
to pop:
Derived terms
editNavajo terms belonging to the root -TÁÁL (move foot)
Etymology 2
editProbably identical to the above root. Occurs in Southern Athabaskan in bases related to singing or holding a ceremony.
Compare Ahtna deltatl’ (“make a speech”), Lower Tanana deltutł (“he is talking loudly”), Carrier dəztəl (“to shout”), themselves extension of the bursting / explosion meaning above.
Root
edit-TÁÁL
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ho + ∅ | operative |
S sings
|
Stem set
editAspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM / DUR | -taał | -táál | -tał | -tał | -taał |