-TŁAH

See also: -tlah and tłah

Navajo

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑx̣d (“to jump up, to move quickly, to blaze up”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna tiltlaat (“single subject moves quickly, runs”), diltlet (“it caught on fire”).

Occurs in Navajo in bases related to burning, and also in a few bases of disparate meanings in relation with nervosity and heightened feelings, some with unusual prefix compounds, listed below without further grouping.

Root

-TŁAH

 1. to burn, to blaze up, to catch fire

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
di + l	adjectival	S burns, is afire diltłiʼ (NEUT) ↳ hodiltłiʼ
di + l	transitional	S catches fire diiltłáád ↳ hodiiltłáád	S ignites O, sets fire to O yidiiłtłáád ↳ adiiłtłáád

 2. to be agitated, hysterical, angry

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
l	?	S gets nervous, jumpy, S palpitates (heart) ntseeltłáád (ni-MOM)
l	?	S has an heated argument yinídiiltłáád ↳ ahinídiiltłáád
l	?	S jumps at opportunity yikʼiiltłáád
l	?	S go to make love yíltłáád (ni-MOM)
di + ∅	transitional	S becomes hysterical diitłáád

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tłáád	-tłah	-tłił	-tłiʼ	-tłáád
NEUT	-tłiʼ	-	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to burn:

• -KʼĄ́Ą́ʼ
• -LID
• -ZEEZ

to be nervous:

• -NÁÁʼ
• -TLID
• -TSIZ
• -YIZ

to pulsate:

• -TÁÁL
• -TAH
• -TʼIʼ

to be angry:

• -CHʼÍÍʼ
• -KEED
• -CHĮĮD

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (burn)

Etymology 2

Possibly cognate with -TŁAH (“to jump up, to burn”) above. Compare with interjection in Ahtna ostla! (“stop it!”).

Root

-TŁAH

1. to stop, to halt

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
l	motion	S stops, halts niiltłáád (ni-MOM) ↳ niʼíltłáád	S stops, halts O niyíłtłáád (ni-MOM) ↳ niʼíłtłáád

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tłáád	-tłah	-tłił	-tłiʼ	-tłáád

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (stop)

Etymology 3

From Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑɣ̇ (“to rub oil, to grease”). Perhaps related to -TŁÉÉʼ, classificatory root for mushy matter.

Cognate root found in Ahtna ełtlagh (“I'm rubbing it with oil”).

Root

-TŁAH

1. to grease, to anoint, to lubricate

Theme	Category	Bases	Passive / Reflexive (+d)
O + ł	conversive	S lubricates, smears O with grease yiʼniiłtłah (MOM) yiłtłah (CONCL) ↳ hałtłah ↳ náʼáłtłah	S is greased — — ↳ haltłah ↳ náltłah ↳ ádíltłah

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM / CONCL	-tłah	-tłah	-tłah	-tłah	-tłah

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to smear:

• -DLÉÉZH
• -JÉÉʼ

 

 

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (grease)