-TŁAH
Navajo
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑx̣d (“to jump up, to move quickly, to blaze up”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna tiltlaat (“single subject moves quickly, runs”), diltlet (“it caught on fire”).
Occurs in Navajo in bases related to burning, and also in a few bases of disparate meanings in relation with nervosity and heightened feelings, some with unusual prefix compounds, listed below without further grouping.
Root
edit-TŁAH
1. to burn, to blaze up, to catch fire
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
di + l | adjectival |
S burns, is afire
|
|||||
di + l | transitional |
S catches fire |
2. to be agitated, hysterical, angry
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
l | ? | S gets nervous, jumpy, S palpitates (heart)
|
|||||
l | ? | S has an heated argument | |||||
l | ? | S jumps at opportunity | |||||
l | ? | S go to make love
|
|||||
di + ∅ | transitional | S becomes hysterical |
Stem set
editAspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -tłáád | -tłah | -tłił | -tłiʼ | -tłáád |
NEUT | -tłiʼ | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
editto burn:
to be nervous:
to pulsate:
to be angry:
Derived terms
editNavajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (burn)
Etymology 2
editPossibly cognate with -TŁAH (“to jump up, to burn”) above. Compare with interjection in Ahtna ostla! (“stop it!”).
Root
edit-TŁAH
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
l | motion |
S stops, halts
|
S stops, halts O
|
Stem set
editAspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -tłáád | -tłah | -tłił | -tłiʼ | -tłáád |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Derived terms
editNavajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (stop)
Etymology 3
editFrom Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑɣ̇ (“to rub oil, to grease”). Perhaps related to -TŁÉÉʼ, classificatory root for mushy matter.
Cognate root found in Ahtna ełtlagh (“I'm rubbing it with oil”).
Root
edit-TŁAH
Theme | Category | Bases | Passive / Reflexive (+d) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O + ł | conversive |
S lubricates, smears O with grease
|
S is greased
|
Stem set
editAspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM / CONCL | -tłah | -tłah | -tłah | -tłah | -tłah |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.