-WOD
edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʊ̓t’ (“to be bent, curved”). Occurs also in a secondary meaning related to wriggling, jiggling, and by extension, in some Athabaskan languages including Navajo, to being agile and running.
Cognate root found in Ahtna dezghotʼ (“it is bent”), Carrier nəlɣwət (“to wriggle”), nəsɣwət (“to be agile, rapid”).
Occurs in Navajo in two additional extended meanings related to limping and to rocking. The “rock” theme uses a different momentaneous stem set, and might be a different root altogether.
Root edit
-WOD
1. to bend, to flex, to disjoint; to limp
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ |
S bends O |
||||||
| ʼa + ni + ł | motion |
|
2. to rock
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ | successive |
S rocks
|
|
3. to run
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (∅ + ł + l) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | motion |
S runs |
S runs O |
||||
| l | adjectival |
S is a runner |
Stem set edit
| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOM | -yeed | -wod | -woł | -woʼ | -yeed |
| MOM | -wóód | -wóód | -woł | -woʼ | -wóód |
| CONT / REP | -wod | -wod | -woł | -woʼ | -wod |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms edit
to run:
to go swiftly, to dash:
to bend:
to rock:
to shake:
- -DÉÉL (jolt)
- -DZID (pan, bottle)
- -GHÁÁD
- -JĄH (rattle)
- -MÁÁZ (finger, hat)
- -NAAʼ (earth, body)
- -TŁID
- -TSIZ (nervous)
Derived terms edit
Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (bend)