Egyptian
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Etymology 1
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Possibly derived from a lengthened form of Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).
Pronunciation
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- (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA(key): /aw/, /w/, sometimes with ablaut; specific nouns used either one form of the suffix, the other, or both in free variation
- (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA(key): /aw/, /w/, as in Old Egyptian
- (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA(key): /(ə)/, /ʔ/, respectively, but IPA(key): /w/ in consonant stem nouns (often metathesized to precede the preceding consonant), all sometimes with ablaut or further changes; regularity is lost
- Used to form the masculine plural forms of nouns and adjectives
Usage notes
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The plural is occasionally represented by writing the phonetic or determinative glyph three times, e.g. tꜣw:
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2
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From Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).
Pronunciation
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- Forms a-stem masculine nouns from roots.
- ḥfꜣ- → ḥfꜣw (“(male) snake”)
- Forms u-stem masculine nouns from roots.
- hrw- → hrw(w) (“day”)
Usage notes
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In good orthography, -w is written with a-stem nouns but left unwritten with u-stem nouns, hence hrww, rꜥw are written hrw, rꜥ.
Etymology 3
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- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Etymology 4
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- Forms adverbs from certain adjectives; -ly
- Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.
Etymology 5
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- Forms the negatival complement of all verbs except geminate and anomalous verbs.
Usage notes
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Often this ending is entirely omitted.
Etymology 6
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- Forms the prospective of all verbs except second geminate, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
- Forms the prospective passive of all verbs except fourth weak, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
- Forms the perfect passive of all verbs except second geminate verbs.
Usage notes
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Often this ending is entirely omitted.
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
Etymology 7
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- Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective passive participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
- Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
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-w
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-y
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relative form only; rare
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Etymology 8
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- Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
References
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- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 328–329, 354, etc..
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 58–59, 251
Mokilese
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Pronunciation
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-w
- used to form pet names
- Megan + -w → Begw
- Ann + -w → Nanw
- Siân + -w → Sianw
Derived terms
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Category Welsh terms suffixed with -w not found