Proto-Celtic
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Alternative reconstructions
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Etymology
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A conflation of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light; move lightly”) and another verb with initial *ɸ derived from the root of Proto-Germanic *springaną.[3][4] See the Proto-Germanic entry for further etymology.
*ɸlengeti[4]
- to jump
Declension
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| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
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| Active voice
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|
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Present
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Imperfect
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Future
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Preterite
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| 1st singular
|
*ɸlengū
|
*ɸlengemam
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*ɸiblanxsū
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*ɸleblonga
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| 2nd singular
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*ɸlengesi
|
*ɸlengetās
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*ɸiblanxsesi
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*ɸleblongas?
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| 3rd singular
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*ɸlengeti
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*ɸlengeto
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*ɸiblanxseti
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*ɸleblonge
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| 1st plural
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*ɸlengomosi
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*ɸlengemo
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*ɸiblanxsomosi
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*ɸleblongmo
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| 2nd plural
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*ɸlengetesi
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*ɸlengestē
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*ɸiblanxsetesi
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*ɸleblonxte
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| 3rd plural
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*ɸlengonti
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*ɸlengento
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*ɸiblanxsonti
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*ɸleblongar
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|
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Pres. subjunctive
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Past subjunctive
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Imperative
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|
| 1st singular
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*ɸlenxsū
|
?
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—
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| 2nd singular
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*ɸlenxsesi
|
?
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*ɸlenge
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| 3rd singular
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*ɸlenxseti
|
?
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*ɸlengetou
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| 1st plural
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*ɸlenxsomosi
|
?
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*ɸlengomos
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| 2nd plural
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*ɸlenxsetesi
|
?
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*ɸlengete
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| 3rd plural
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*ɸlenxsonti
|
?
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*ɸlengontou
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| Passive voice
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|
|
Present
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Imperfect
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Future
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Preterite
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| 1st singular
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*ɸlengūr
|
—
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*ɸiblanxsūr
|
—
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| 2nd singular
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*ɸlengetar
|
—
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*ɸiblanxsetar
|
—
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| 3rd singular
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*ɸlengetor
|
?
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*ɸiblanxsetor
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—
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| 1st plural
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*ɸlengommor
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—
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*ɸiblanxsommor
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—
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| 2nd plural
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*ɸlengedwe
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—
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*ɸiblanxsedwe
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—
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| 3rd plural
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*ɸlengontor
|
?
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*ɸiblanxsontor
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—
|
|
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Pres. subjunctive
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Past subjunctive
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Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
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*ɸlenxsūr
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—
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—
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| 2nd singular
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*ɸlenxsetar
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—
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—
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| 3rd singular
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*ɸlenxsetor
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—
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—
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| 1st plural
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*ɸlenxsommor
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—
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—
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| 2nd plural
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*ɸlenxsedwe
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—
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—
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| 3rd plural
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*ɸlenxsontor
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—
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—
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| Declension of the past participle
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| masculine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*ɸlanxtos
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*ɸlanxtou
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*ɸlanxtoi
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| vocative
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*ɸlanxte
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*ɸlanxtou
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*ɸlanxtoi
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| accusative
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*ɸlanxtom
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*ɸlanxtou
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*ɸlanxtoms
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| genitive
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*ɸlanxtī
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*ɸlanxtous
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*ɸlanxtom
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| dative
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*ɸlanxtūi
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*ɸlanxtobom
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*ɸlanxtobos
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| instrumental
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*ɸlanxtū
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*ɸlanxtobim
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*ɸlanxtobis
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| feminine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*ɸlanxtā
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*ɸlanxtai
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*ɸlanxtās
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| vocative
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*ɸlanxtā
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*ɸlanxtai
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*ɸlanxtās
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| accusative
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*ɸlanxtam
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*ɸlanxtai
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*ɸlanxtams
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| genitive
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*ɸlanxtās
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*ɸlanxtous
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*ɸlanxtom
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| dative
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*ɸlanxtai
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*ɸlanxtābom
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*ɸlanxtābos
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| instrumental
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*?
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*ɸlanxtābim
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*ɸlanxtābis
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| neuter
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*ɸlanxtom
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*ɸlanxtou
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*ɸlanxtā
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| vocative
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*ɸlanxtom
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*ɸlanxtou
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*ɸlanxtā
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| accusative
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*ɸlanxtom
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*ɸlanxtou
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*ɸlanxtā
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| genitive
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*ɸlanxtī
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*ɸlanxtous
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*ɸlanxtom
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| dative
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*ɸlanxtūi
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*ɸlanxtobom
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*ɸlanxtobos
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| instrumental
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*ɸlanxtū
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*ɸlanxtobim
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*ɸlanxtobis
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Related terms
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Descendants
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References
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- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*leng-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
- ^ Koch, John (2004) “*long-(e)je/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 188
- ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, 3.1.74, page 245
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 522-524
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “ling-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 203
