Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/springaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *sprenǵʰ-, nasalised form of Proto-Indo-European *sperǵʰ- (“to move energetically, hurry, spring”). Compare Albanian shpërthej (“to pop open, puncture, lance, make explode, blow up”), Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”), Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to set in rapid motion, haste, hurry”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈspriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*springaną^[1]^[2]

to spring, to jump up
to burst, to explode

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *springaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*springō	*springaų	—	*springai	?
2nd singular	*springizi	*springaiz	*spring	*springazai	*springaizau
3rd singular	*springidi	*springai	*springadau	*springadai	*springaidau
1st dual	*springōz	*springaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*springadiz	*springaidiz	*springadiz	—	—
1st plural	*springamaz	*springaim	—	*springandai	*springaindau
2nd plural	*springid	*springaid	*springid	*springandai	*springaindau
3rd plural	*springandi	*springain	*springandau	*springandai	*springaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sprang	*sprungį̄
2nd singular	*spranht	*sprungīz
3rd singular	*sprang	*sprungī
1st dual	*sprungū	*sprungīw
2nd dual	*sprungudiz	*sprungīdiz
1st plural	*sprungum	*sprungīm
2nd plural	*sprungud	*sprungīd
3rd plural	*sprungun	*sprungīn

	present	past
participles	*springandz	*sprunganaz

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *springan
- Old English: springan
  - Middle English: spryngen, spring, springe, springen, springgen, springuen, sprinke, spryng, sprynge, spryngge, sprynggyn, sprynghe; sprinken
    - English: spring; sprink
    - Scots: spring
- Old Frisian: springa
  - Saterland Frisian: springe
  - West Frisian: springe
- Old Saxon: springan, sprengan
  - Middle Low German: springen
    - German Low German: springen
- Old Dutch: *springan
  - Middle Dutch: springen
    - Dutch: springen
      - Afrikaans: spring
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: pringgi
      - Jersey Dutch: spring, springe, spränge
      - Negerhollands: spriṅ
    - Limburgish: springe
- Old High German: springan
  - Middle High German: springen
    - Alemannic German: springe, schpringe
    - Cimbrian: springen
    - German: springen
    - Luxembourgish: sprangen
    - Pennsylvania German: schpringe
    - Yiddish: שפּרינגען (shpringen)
Old Norse: springa
- Icelandic: springa
- Faroese: springa
- Norwegian: springe, sprekke
- Old Swedish: springa
  - Swedish: springa, spricka
- Old Danish: springæ
  - Danish: springe, sprække
- Gutnish: springge, springga

References edit

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spring/kan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*sprenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 366

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spring/kan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*sprenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 366

[1]

[2]