Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ardwos
Proto-Celtic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰwós. Cognate with Latin arduus.
Adjective
edit*ardwos
Inflection
editO/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *ardwos | *ardwou | *ardwoi |
vocative | *ardwe | *ardwou | *ardwoi |
accusative | *ardwom | *ardwou | *ardwoms |
genitive | *ardwī | *ardwous | *ardwom |
dative | *ardwūi | *ardwobom | *ardwobos |
instrumental | *ardwū | *ardwobim | *ardwobis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *ardwā | *ardwai | *ardwās |
vocative | *ardwā | *ardwai | *ardwās |
accusative | *ardwam | *ardwai | *ardwams |
genitive | *ardwās | *ardwous | *ardwom |
dative | *ardwai | *ardwābom | *ardwābos |
instrumental | *? | *ardwābim | *ardwābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *ardwom | *ardwou | *ardwā |
vocative | *ardwom | *ardwou | *ardwā |
accusative | *ardwom | *ardwou | *ardwā |
genitive | *ardwī | *ardwous | *ardwom |
dative | *ardwūi | *ardwobom | *ardwobos |
instrumental | *ardwū | *ardwobim | *ardwobis |
Descendants
edit- Proto-Brythonic: *arð
- Old Breton: ard, art
- Breton: arz
- Old Irish: ard
- Gaulish: Arduenna (place name)
References
editR. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ardd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies