ard
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɑɹd/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɑːd/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d
Noun edit
ard (plural ards)
Alternative forms edit
Translations edit
|
Anagrams edit
Azerbaijani edit
Cyrillic | ард | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | آرد |
Etymology edit
From Common Turkic *ārt.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ard (definite accusative ardı, plural ardlar)
- back, rear
- sequel, continuation; something which is continued
Declension edit
Declension of ard | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | ard |
ardlar | ||||||
definite accusative | ardı |
ardları | ||||||
dative | arda |
ardlara | ||||||
locative | ardda |
ardlarda | ||||||
ablative | arddan |
ardlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | ardın |
ardların |
Derived terms edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse arðr (“plough, ard”), from Proto-Germanic *arþrą, cognate with Swedish årder and Norwegian Bokmål ard (whence (English ard). The Germanic word is related to Latin arātrum (“plough”) and Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plough”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ard c (singular definite arden, plural indefinite arder)
- (historical) plough, ard
Declension edit
Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish ard[1], from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ard (genitive singular masculine aird, genitive singular feminine airde, plural arda, comparative airde)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- airde f (“height; elevation; altitude; level; volume, pitch”)
- ard- (“high; arch-, chief; excellent, noble; advanced”)
Noun edit
ard m (genitive singular aird, nominative plural arda)
Declension edit
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
ard | n-ard | hard | t-ard |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 16
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 97
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ard”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “árd”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 38
Manx edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ard (plural ardey, comparative yrjey)
Noun edit
ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)
Noun edit
ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Megleno-Romanian edit
Verb edit
ard
- Alternative form of ardu
Northern Kurdish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Compare Persian آرد (ârd, “flour”), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”) and Old Armenian աղամ (ałam).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ard m (Arabic spelling ئارد)
Declension edit
References edit
- Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ard”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 11
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)
- high
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23d23
- Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.
- Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23d23
Inflection edit
o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ard | ard | ard |
Vocative | aird* ard** | ||
Accusative | ard | aird | |
Genitive | aird | ardae | aird |
Dative | ard | aird | ard |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | aird | arda | |
Vocative | ardu arda† | ||
Accusative | ardu arda† | ||
Genitive | ard | ||
Dative | ardaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Noun edit
ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)
Inflection edit
Neuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ardN | ardN | ardL, arda |
Vocative | ardN | ardN | ardL, arda |
Accusative | ardN | ardN | ardL, arda |
Genitive | airdL | ard | ardN |
Dative | ardL | ardaib | ardaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ard | unchanged | n-ard |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Romanian edit
Verb edit
ard
- inflection of arde: