Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kēliyos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain.^[1] Possibly originally meaning "wayfarer," from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to settle”), similar to the sense development of Old Irish séitig (“wife”) from *sentus (“way, path”).^[2] Stokes instead compares Latin cacula (“servant”).^[3]

Noun

*kēliyos m^[4]^[5]

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kēliyos	*kēliyou	*kēliyoi
vocative	*kēliye	*kēliyou	*kēliyūs
accusative	*kēliyom	*kēliyou	*kēliyoms
genitive	*kēliyī	*kēliyous	*kēliyom
dative	*kēliyūi	*kēliyobom	*kēliyobos
locative	*kēliyei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kēliyū	*kēliyobim	*kēliyūis

Reconstruction notes

Matasović claims that the Brittonic forms must have come from *kil(i)yos. He is incorrect; they can only come from *kēliyos.
- *kilyos can only yield non-existent monosyllabic Welsh **cyl, and *kiliyos would yield also non-existent **cylydd.
- On the other hand, *kēliyos can produce Welsh cilydd handily with internal i-affection of *ē.^[6]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kilɨð
- Middle Welsh: cilit, kilid
  - Welsh: cilydd
- Old Breton: kiled
  - Breton: kile
- Cornish: kila
Primitive Irish: ᚉᚓᚂᚔ (celi, genitive)
- Old Irish: céile
  - Irish: céile
  - Manx: keilley
  - Scottish Gaelic: cèile
Gaulish: cele (attested on Châteaubleau tile)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kēlyo- / *kilyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 199–200
^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “ceil”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN
^ Stokes, Whitley, Bezzenberger, Adalbert (1894) Urkeltischer Sprachschatz (Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen; Zweiter Theil) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 66
^ Schrijver, Peter (1998) “The Châteaubleau tile as a link between Latin and French and between Gaulish and Brittonic”, in Etudes Celtiques, volume 34, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 135–142
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “cele”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 112
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 241-243

[Matasović-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kēlyo- / *kilyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 199–200

[2] MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “ceil”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN

[3] Stokes, Whitley, Bezzenberger, Adalbert (1894) Urkeltischer Sprachschatz (Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen; Zweiter Theil) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 66

[4] Schrijver, Peter (1998) “The Châteaubleau tile as a link between Latin and French and between Gaulish and Brittonic”, in Etudes Celtiques, volume 34, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 135–142

[5] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “cele”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 112

[6] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 241-243

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