Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sagros

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”) + *-rós (adjectival suffix).

Seemingly in an attempt to avoid the prospect of the insertion of an epenthetic *a into the zero grade of the root, Matasović attempts to derive the Goidelic terms from *soǵʰ-s-rós > *sōxs-ros > *sāxsros.^[1]
Gordon points out that Matasović's derivation is uncompelling: there is no explanation for the o-grade of the root, and there are many Primitive Irish inscriptions (and the Gaulish name Ambisagrus) explicitly attesting *sagro- in personal names.^[2]

Adjective

*sagros^[2]^[3]^[4]

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagros	*sagrou	*sagroi
vocative	*sagre	*sagrou	*sagroi
accusative	*sagrom	*sagrou	*sagroms
genitive	*sagrī	*sagrous	*sagrom
dative	*sagrūi	*sagrobom	*sagrobos
instrumental	*sagrū	*sagrobim	*sagrobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrā	*sagrai	*sagrās
vocative	*sagrā	*sagrai	*sagrās
accusative	*sagram	*sagrai	*sagrams
genitive	*sagrās	*sagrous	*sagrom
dative	*sagrai	*sagrābom	*sagrābos
instrumental	*?	*sagrābim	*sagrābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrom	*sagrou	*sagrā
vocative	*sagrom	*sagrou	*sagrā
accusative	*sagrom	*sagrou	*sagrā
genitive	*sagrī	*sagrous	*sagrom
dative	*sagrūi	*sagrobom	*sagrobos
instrumental	*sagrū	*sagrobim	*sagrobis

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *haɨr
- ⇒ Old Breton: Haeruuiu, Haermael
- Middle Welsh: haer, hair (“steadfast”)
  - Welsh: haer
Goidelic:
- ⇒ Primitive Irish: ᚅᚓᚈᚈᚐᚄᚐᚌᚏᚔ (nettasagri), ᚄᚐᚌᚏᚐᚌᚅᚔ (sagragni), ᚄᚐᚌᚐᚏᚓᚈᚈᚑᚄ (sagarettos)
- Old Irish: sár (“outrage, insult”), sár- (“strong, excellent”)
  - Middle Irish: sár, sár-
    - Classical Gaelic: sár
    - Irish: sár-
Gaulish: *sagros
- →⇒ Latin: Ambisagrus

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sego-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 327
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 412-414
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “haer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “sagro-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 265

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sego-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 327

[Gordon-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 412-414

[3] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “haer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[4] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “sagro-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 265

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