sár

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sar"

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *sairą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɔaːɹ/
• Rhymes: -ɔaːɹ

Noun

sár n (genitive singular sárs, plural sár)

1. wound

Declension

Declension of sár
n3	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sár	sárið	sár	sárini
accusative	sár	sárið	sár	sárini
dative	sári	sárinum	sárum	sárunum
genitive	sárs	sársins	sára	sáranna

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Oghur *šār (compare Chuvash шур (šur, “swamp”)), from Proto-Turkic *siāŕ (“marsh, dirt”). Compare also Bashkir һаҙ (haź, “swamp, marsh”), Kazakh саз (saz, “mud”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃaːr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːr
• Hyphenation: sár

Noun

sár (usually uncountable, plural sarak)

1. mud (a mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment)
2. (figuratively) mud, dirt, dust, mire, smirch (miserable, shameful, despised situation or condition)
3. (figurative, with a possessive suffix, informal) sin, fault, wrong, culpability

   Synonyms: hiba, felelősség

4. Synonym of agyag (“clay, loam”)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	sár	sarak
accusative	sarat	sarakat
dative	sárnak	saraknak
instrumental	sárral	sarakkal
causal-final	sárért	sarakért
translative	sárrá	sarakká
terminative	sárig	sarakig
essive-formal	sárként	sarakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	sárban	sarakban
superessive	sáron	sarakon
adessive	sárnál	saraknál
illative	sárba	sarakba
sublative	sárra	sarakra
allative	sárhoz	sarakhoz
elative	sárból	sarakból
delative	sárról	sarakról
ablative	sártól	saraktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	sáré	saraké
non-attributive possessive - plural	sáréi	sarakéi

Possessive forms of sár
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	saram	saraim
2nd person sing.	sarad	saraid
3rd person sing.	sara	sarai
1st person plural	sarunk	saraink
2nd person plural	saratok	saraitok
3rd person plural	saruk	saraik

Derived terms

• sáros

 

Compound words

• sárvédő

 

Expressions

• (meg)állja a sarat

 

See also

• iszap

Further reading

• sár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sauːr/

  Rhymes: -auːr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sárr, from Proto-Germanic *sairaz.

Adjective

sár (comparative sárari, superlative sárastur)

1. painful, sore

   Á! Þetta er sárt!

   Ouch! This hurts!

2. bitter, distressing
3. hurt, offended, embittered

Inflection

    positive (strong declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sár	sár	sárt
accusative	sáran	sára	sárt
dative	sárum	sárri	sáru
genitive	sárs	sárrar	sárs
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sárir	sárar	sár
accusative	sára	sárar	sár
dative	sárum	sárum	sárum
genitive	sárra	sárra	sárra

    positive (weak declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sári	sára	sára
accusative	sára	sáru	sára
dative	sára	sáru	sára
genitive	sára	sáru	sára
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sáru	sáru	sáru
accusative	sáru	sáru	sáru
dative	sáru	sáru	sáru
genitive	sáru	sáru	sáru

    comparative

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sárari	sárari	sárara
accusative	sárari	sárari	sárara
dative	sárari	sárari	sárara
genitive	sárari	sárari	sárara
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sárari	sárari	sárari
accusative	sárari	sárari	sárari
dative	sárari	sárari	sárari
genitive	sárari	sárari	sárari

    superlative (strong declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sárastur	sárust	sárast
accusative	sárastan	sárasta	sárast
dative	sárustum	sárastri	sárustu
genitive	sárasts	sárastrar	sárasts
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sárastir	sárastar	sárust
accusative	sárasta	sárastar	sárust
dative	sárustum	sárustum	sárustum
genitive	sárastra	sárastra	sárastra

    superlative (weak declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sárasti	sárasta	sárasta
accusative	sárasta	sárustu	sárasta
dative	sárasta	sárustu	sárasta
genitive	sárasta	sárustu	sárasta
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sárustu	sárustu	sárustu
accusative	sárustu	sárustu	sárustu
dative	sárustu	sárustu	sárustu
genitive	sárustu	sárustu	sárustu

Synonyms

• (painful): kvalafullur
• (distressing): átakanlegur
• (embittered): gramur

Derived terms

• eiga um sárt að binda (“to have suffered a great loss”)
• mig tekur það sárt (“I'm really sorry”)
• sitja eftir með sárt ennið (“to be sorely disappointed”)
• vera sárt leikinn (“to be treated roughly”)
• vera sárt um (“to set great store by something”)

 

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *sairą. Cognate with Swedish sår.

Noun

sár n (genitive singular sárs, nominative plural sár)

1. a wound

Declension

declension of sár

n-s	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sár	sárið	sár	sárin
accusative	sár	sárið	sár	sárin
dative	sári	sárinu	sárum	sárunum
genitive	sárs	sársins	sára	sáranna

Synonyms

• (wound): (poetic) und

Derived terms

• fótasár (“venous ulcers, stasis ulcer, varicose ulcers”)
• gera að sárum (“to dress somebody's wounds”)
• græða sár (“to heal a wound”)
• vera í sárum (“to moult”)

 

Etymology 3

From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *saihaz.

Noun

sár m (genitive singular sás, nominative plural sáir)

1. cask

Declension

declension of sár

m-s2	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sár	sárinn	sáir	sáirnir
accusative	sá	sáinn	sái	sáina
dative	sá	sánum	sám / sáum	sáunum
genitive	sás	sásins	sáa	sáanna

Anagrams

• rás, árs

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /sˠɑːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /sˠæːɾˠ/

Etymology 1

From a conflation of Old Irish sár m (“chief, ruler”) and English tsar, Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. The Old Irish may be elliptical for some such compound like (modern) sárfhear.

Noun

sár m (genitive singular sáir, nominative plural sáir)

1. tsar
2. (literary) overlord, ruler

Declension

Declension of sár

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative sár sáir Vocative a sháir a shára Genitive sáir sár Dative sár sáir

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an sár na sáir Genitive an tsáir na sár Dative leis an sár don sár leis na sáir

Derived terms

• bansár (“tsarina”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish sár m (“outrage, insult, humiliation”), from Proto-Celtic *sagro-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sāxsro-, from *soǵʰ-sro-, from *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”), with vowel lengthening. See *segos (“force”).

Noun

sár m (genitive singular sáir)

1. (literary) violation, outrage; humiliation

Declension

Declension of sár

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative sár Vocative a sháir Genitive sáir Dative sár

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an sár Genitive an tsáir Dative leis an sár don sár

Derived terms

• sár gach searbhais (“the height of bitterness”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sár	shár after an, tsár	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 sár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sár m (genitive sás, plural sáir)

1. a large cask

Declension

  Declension of sár (strong i-stem, s-genitive)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sár	sárinn	sáir	sáirnir
accusative	sá	sáinn	sái	sáina
dative	sái, sá	sáinum, sánum	sám	sánum
genitive	sás	sásins	sá	sánna

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: så
• Norwegian Bokmål: så

Etymology 2

From Proto-Norse *ᛊᚨᛁᚱᚨ (*saira) (attested in compound), from Proto-Germanic *sairą.

Noun

sár n (genitive sárs, plural sǫ́r)

2. a wound

Declension

  Declension of sár (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sár	sárit	sǫ́r	sǫ́rin
accusative	sár	sárit	sǫ́r	sǫ́rin
dative	sári	sárinu	sǫ́rum	sǫ́runum
genitive	sárs	sársins	sára	sáranna

Related terms

• sárr (“sore, aching; wounded”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: sár
• Faroese: sár
• Norwegian Nynorsk: sår
• Norwegian Bokmål: sår
• Old Swedish: sār
  • Swedish: sår
• Old Danish: saar, sār
  • Danish: sår

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

sár

1. strong feminine nominative singular of sárr
2. strong neuter nominative/accusative plural of sárr

References

• sár in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.