Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/samos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥h₂-ó-s, from *semh₂- (“warm season, summer”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, Armenian ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Khotanese [script needed] (hamana-, “summer”), Sanskrit समा (sámā, “season, year”), Tocharian A ṣme.

Noun

*samos m

1. summer

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*samos	*samou	*samoi
vocative	*same	*samou	*samūs
accusative	*samom	*samou	*samoms
genitive	*samī	*samous	*samom
dative	*samūi	*samobom	*samobos
locative	*samei	*?	*?
instrumental	*samū	*samobim	*samūis

Derived terms

• *samonyos

Descendants

• Brythonic: *haβ̃
  • Old Breton: ham
    • Middle Breton: haff
      • Breton: hañv
  • Old Cornish: haf
    • Cornish: hav
  • Old Welsh: ham
    • Middle Welsh: haf
      • Welsh: haf
• Old Irish: sam
• Gaulish: samo-

References

• Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*samo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
• Celtic Lexicon - University of Wales

See also

Seasons in Proto-Celtic · *amsterās (layout · text) · category
*wesrakos (“spring”)	*samos (“summer”)	*wogamur (“autumn”)	*gyemos (“winter”)